Details Descriptions About :: Mitral Valve Prolapse

 Mitral valve prolapse is also called systolic click-murmur syndrome and floppy mitral valve syndrome. It’s probably a congenital abnormality.

Causes for Mitral Valve Prolapse

Causes Autosomal dominant inheritance Inherited connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and osteogenesis imperfecta Genetic or environmental interruption of valve development during week 5 or 6 of gestation

Pathophysiology Mitral Valve Prolapse

Pathophysiology The cusps of the mitral valve are enlarged, thickened, and scalloped, possibly secondary to collagen abnormalities. The chordae tendineae may be longer than usual, allowing the cusps to stretch upward. Mitral regurgitation occurs when the valve permits blood to leak into the atrium.

Signs and symptoms Mitral Valve Prolapse

Signs and symptoms Commonly produces no symptoms Late systolic regurgitant murmur Midsystolic click Palpitations, arrhythmias, tachycardia Light-headedness or syncope Fatigue, especially in the morning; lethargy; weakness Dyspnea, hyperventilation Chest tightness, atypical chest pain Anxiety, panic attacks, depression Clinical Tip The high incidence of mitral valve prolapse (3% to 8% of adults) suggests that it may be a normal variant. It occurs more often in women than in men. Although severe sequelae may occur (such as ruptured chordae tendineae, ventricular failure, emboli, bacterial endocarditis, and sudden death), mortality and morbidity are low. Most affected persons experience no physical limitations. The psychological effects of the diagnosis may be more disabling than the disease process itself.

Diagnostic Lab Test results

Diagnostic test results Echocardiography reveals mitral valve prolapse with or without mitral insufficiency. Electrocardiography (resting and exercise) is usually normal but may show atrial or ventricular arrhythmia. Holter monitor detects arrhythmias.

Treatment for Mitral Valve Prolapse

Treatment Corresponds to degree of mitral regurgitation In the presence of regurgitation, antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive procedures to prevent infective endocarditis Beta-adrenergic blockers Measures to prevent hypovolemia, such as avoidance of diuretics, because hypervolemia can decrease ventricular volume, thereby increasing stress on the prolapsed mitral valve Surgical repair or valve replacement

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