Home / Examination / Cardiovascular examination

Archives for

Cardiovascular examination

Clinical features and Diagnosis of Unstable Angina(UA) / NSTEMI with Cardiac Biomarkers in Angina

Clinical features of Unstable Angina(UA) / NSTEMI – There is chest pain in the substernal lesion or epigastrium radiating to neck, left shoulder and left arm. There is severe discomfort or pain. Anginal equivalents like dyspnoea and epigastric discomfort are also frequently present. There is diaphoresis (increased sweating), pale skin, sinus tachycardia, third and fourth [...]

2D Echocardiography Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography

2D echocardiography Doppler echocardiography A noninvasive diagnostic method that uses ultrasound to visualize cardiac structures. Shows global or RWMA (Regional Wall Motion Abnormality) in infarction and ischemia. in which dobutamine is given to patients to increase the workload of the heart, and then the heart is evaluated with ultrasonic imaging. Types of echocardiography [...]

Coronary Angiography -Indications of Coronary Arteriography (Angiography)

Coronary Arteriography (Angiography) Radio-opaque dye is injected into a peripheral artery and coronary arteries are visualized for any obstructive atherosclerotic lesions. cardiac catheterization was primarily a diagnostic procedure that was used to evaluate ventricular function, and coronary anatomy hemodynamics,. diagnostic catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are done by skin puncture ,under local anesthesia, [...]

Stress Testing TMT – Treadmill stress test

Stress Testing (TMT – Treadmill stress test) It is the best test for angina. 12 – lead ECG is recorded before, during, and after exercise on a bicycle or treadmill ergometer. Patient’s ECG, arm blood pressure, heart rate, symptoms are monitored and the work load is gradually increased. Exercise ECG testing is a preferred [...]

Tricuspid Stenosis and Tricuspid Regurgitation Symptoms Investigations and Treatment

Tricuspid Stenosis and Tricuspid Regurgitation Symptoms of Tricuspid Stenosis and Tricuspid Regurgitation with Physical findings Treatment Tricuspid stenosis is an uncommon valvular abnormality that most commonly occurs in association with other valvular lesions. Regurgitation caused not by valvular disorder but by dilatation of ventricles, the great vessels, or valve rings. Tricuspid Regurgitation [...]

Aortic Regurgitation Symptoms of Aortic Regurgitation Aortic Regurgitation TREATMENT

Aortic Regurgitation SYMPTOMS of Aortic Regurgitation Aortic Regurgitation PHYSICAL FINDINGS Aortic Regurgitation TREATMENT Aortic Regurgitation or aortic incompetence is a regurgitation of blood into the left ventricle during diastole due to defective closure of the aortic valve. A backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach or [...]

Mitral Stenosis Causes Symptoms of Mitral Stenosis Etiology of Mitral Stenosis Treatment of Mitral Stenosis

Mitral Stenosis Treatment of Mitral Stenosis causes and Etiology of Mitral Stenosis with Symptoms of Mitral Stenosis Mitral Stenosis is narrowing of the mitral valve due to which there is a restriction of blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle. It is more common in females. Mitral stenosis (MS), resulting from thickening and [...]

Heart Failure Treatment Heart Failure GENERAL PRINCIPLES

Heart Failure Treatment PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY Heart failure (HF) is a common clinical syndrome representing the end-stage of a number of different cardiac diseases. Heart failure may result from arrhythmias, heart valve lesions,myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, congenital malformation of the heart or great vessels, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, constrictive or conditions that affect the heart indirectly, [...]

Heart Failure Causes Symptoms NYHA classification with Heart Failure Treatment

Heart Failure Heart failure is a state wherein the heart is unable to pump blood adequately to meet the needs of all the tissues and organs of the body at normal pressures. Heart Failure Definition – Inability of the heart to circulate blood effectively enough to meet the body’s metabolic needs. [...]

First degree AV block,Second degree AV block (Mobitz type I,Mobitz type Il),Third degree AV block

AV CONDUCTION DISORDERS When AV nodal block occurs the His bundle can generate a heart rate of 40 – 60 beats per minute with normal QRS complexes. If the distal His Purkinje system takes over then the heart rate generated is 25 – 45 beats per minute with wide QRS complexes. This rhythm is [...]

Sick Sinus Syndrome SSS Symptoms Causes Diagnosis with Treatment

Arrhythmia Sick Sinus Syndrome The sick sinus syndrome is a presentation with dizziness, confusion, fatigue, syncope, and heart failure caused by SA node dysfunction. Several electrocardiographical abnormalities caused by a malfunction of the sinoatrial node of the heart, in which there are episodes of tachycardia alternating with episodes of heart block or severely decreased heart [...]

Supraventricular tachycardia and Ventricular fibrillation Causes Diagnosis with Treatment

Cardiac Arrhythmias – Supraventricular tachycardia and Ventricular fibrillation – SVT. A rapid, regular tachycardia in which the pacemaker is found in the sinus node, the atria, or the atrioventricular junction, i.e., above the ventricles Distinguishing features of SVT with wide QRS from VT – Triphasic QRS – rsR or qRs . Initial deflection [...]

ATRIAL FLUTTER Symptoms Causes Diagnosis with Treatment

ATRIAL FLUTTER TACHYARRHYTHMIAS ARRHYTHMIAS marked by rapid (about 300 beats per minute) regular atrial beating SINUS TACHYCARDIA – ·Heart rate exceeds 100 beats/min ·Gradual onset and offset ·Normal PQRST. ATRIAL FLUTTER – Cardiovascular examination cardiac disorders ATRIAL FLUTTER Definition cardiac dysrhythmia – marked by rapid (about 300 beats per minute) [...]

Atrial fibrillation Causes and Treatment Indications of DC Cardioversion

Atrial fibrillation TACHYARRHYTHMIAS Indications of DC Cardioversion – Cardiovasculer examination, RRHYTHMIAS, Sinus Tachycardia Atrial fibrillation is recognized by : ·Absence of P waves ·P waves re laced by fibrillatory waves or undulating baseli~at frequency 350-600 perminute R waves irregularly irregular and of varying amplitude QRS normal. Causes Of Atrial fibrillation : [...]

PSVT (Paroxysmal supraventricular Tachycardia) TACHYARRHYTHMIAS SINUS TACHYCARDIA

TACHYARRHYTHMIAS PSVT Paroxysmal supraventricular Tachycardia DIAGNOSIS with Treatment SINUS TACHYCARDIA – Heart rate exceeds 100 beats/min Gradual onset and offset Normal PQRST. PSVT Proxysmal supraventricular Tachycardia – Features of PSVT There is sudden onset and offset of very fast regular heart beats (120 – [...]

Cardiac Arrhythmias Definitions Mechanisms and Methods for Detecting Arrhythmias

Cardiac Arrhythmias Types and Definitions Mechanisms with Methods for Diagnosis Arrhythmias Mechanisms of arrhythmias Problems of impulse formation i.e. automaticity. Problems of impulse conduction i.e. Block I Reentry. Methods for Detecting Arrhythmias Is to monitor the ECG, Transtelephonic monitoring, Holter monitoring, invasive ECG recordings. Transtelephonic monitoring Cardiac monitoring in which the patient uses a [...]

Page 1 of 2
1
2
»