Archives for

Shock

Poisoning And Antidotes In Children

Poisoning And Antidotes In Children some useful important poisioning in children , and antidotes of them, 1. Amphetamines Poisoning (Toxic dose 50mg) Chlorpromazine 1mg/kg I.M. or IV. Treatment should be started if ingestion is >2mg 2. Anticholinergics Poisoning Give physostigmine 0.02mg/kg/dose, (eg. Atropine, belladonna) upto max. 2mg LV., S.C. or I.M. till desired effect [...]

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and Pyelonephritis Clinical Presentations Treatment

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and Pyelonephritis Urinary Tract infections may be : 1. Lower tract infection – Urethritis and cystitis 2. Upper tract infection – Acute pyelonephritis, prostatitis, intrarenal and perinephric abscesses. Acute pyelonephritis is a syndrome caused by an infection of the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis, often producing localized flank or back pain combined [...]

Tubulointerstitial Diseases of the Kidney Causes Treatment

Tubulointerstitial Diseases of the Kidney Primary tubulointerstitial diseases of the kidneyare characterized by abnormalities of structure and function of tubules and the interstitium. The glomeruli and renal vasculature are involved to a Jesser extent. The biopsy specimens and the urine sediments do not help in diagnosis. Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is most often induced by [...]

Tubular Diseases of the Kidney Types Clinical Features Diagnosis with Treatment

Tubular Diseases of the Kidney The tubular diseases of the kidney have various presentations. POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease This is a relatively common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The kidneys are enlarged with multiple cysts. The cysts contain straw-colored or hemorrhagic fluid. The cysts are spherical and may be even [...]

Glomerular Diseases Causes Clinical Presentation Symptoms Etiology Treatment

Glomerular Diseases The glomerulus is a modified capillary network which delivers an ultrafiltrate to Bowman’s space. The Bowman space continues as the renal tubule. The glpmerular filtration rate or GFR is dependent on glomerular blood flow and ultrafiltration pressure and filtration surface i.e. mesangial cells. Glomerulonephritis or glomerulopathy means glomerular injury with inflammation and antibody [...]

Nephrotic Syndrome Symptoms Causes Treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria > 3 to 3.5 g / 24 hrs., Associated with many types of kidney disease hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, Iipiduria, and hypercoagulability. Nephrotic syndrome is a disease of glomerular basement membrane, . podocyte-slit diaphragm. A condition marked by increased glomerular permeability to proteins, resulting in massive loss [...]

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) Risk factors Causes Stage CRF Treatment

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) OR CRD/CKD Chronic renal disease is a destruction of nephrons of the kidneys due to several causes. The damage to renal structure and function is irr versib This results in uremia which leads to dysfunction of several organs. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as kidney damage or glomerular filtration rate [...]

Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Causes Clinical Features TREATMENT of ARF

Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Acute renal failure due to intratubular crystal precipitation can be seen in a variety of clinical settings, the most common being acute uric acid nephropathy Acute renal failure (ARF) is defined as a sudden decrease of normal kidney function that compromises the normal renal regulation of fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base homeostasis. [...]

Sepsis (Septic Shock) Prognosis Prevention TREATMENT

Sepsis (Septic Shock) Prognosis Prevention TREATMENT TREATMENT Sepsis (Septic Shock) Admit in ICU Treat local site of infection Monitor hemodynamics. Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation due to infection. There is a continuum of severity ranging from sepsis to severe sepsis and septic shock. Antimicrobial therapy in Sepsis (Septic Shock) Ceftriaxone 2gjday [...]

Sepsis (Septic Shock) Clinical Manifestation Complications with Laboratory Findings

Sepsis (Septic Shock) CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS There is some primary infection or disease. Mild sepsis chan,ges to severe, and to septic shock. Patient may be hormo, hypo or hyper thermic i.e. fever normal, low or high Fever is absent in neonates, elderly, alcoholics and in uremia. Hyperventilation is early sign. Then there is disorientation, confusion, encephalopathy. [...]

Cardiac Arrest Causes Symptoms Features and Management

Cardiac Arrest Death is an irreversible cessation (stoppage) of all biologic functions. Cardiac arrest is an abrupt cessation of cardiac pump function which may be reversible by prompt intervention; otherwise it leads to certain death. Cardiac arrest is due to ventricular fibrillation in 80% of cases. Rest are due to bradyarrhythmias, asystole, pulseless electrical activity [...]

Sepsis (Septic Shock) Definition Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Sepsis & Septic Shock Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation due to infection. Whenever there is infection there is a reaction from host involving various responses. Systemic responses to infection: · Fever · Hypothermia · Tachypnea · Tachycardia. Sepsis DEFINITIONS There is a continuum of severity ranging from sepsis to severe sepsis [...]

Shock Presentation Risk Factors Pathogenesis Management Treatment

Shock Shock is a clinical syndrome due to inadequate tissue perfusion. A clinical syndrome marked by inadequate perfusion and oxygenation of cells, tissues, and organs, usually as a result of marginal or markedly lowered blood pressure. Shock is the physiologic state characterized by significant reduction of systemic tissue perfusion, resulting in decreased tissue oxygen delivery. [...]