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CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Pulmonary Edema Causes Diagnosis with Treatment

Pulmonary Edema Causes Diagnosis with Treatment Edema is defined as a palpable swelling produced by expansion of the interstitial fluid volume. When the left ventricle is not able to eject all the blood effectively there is pulmonary congestion, systemic hypoperfusion, and exudation of fluid and blood elements into the alveoli; this is called Pulmonary edema. [...]

Fallot’s Tetralogy Clinical features Symptoms Complications WITH Treatment

Fallot’s Tetralogy Clinical features of Fallot’s Tetralogy Symptoms Complications WITH Treatment it is the commonest congenital cyanotic heart disease. This congenital heart disease consists of ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding of aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy. When there is moderate PS and small VSD, there is acyanotic Tetralogy of Fallot. As these children survive [...]

Eisenmenger syndrome (ASD, VSD, PDA With PAH with reversal of shunt – Right-to-Ieft shunt) with Treatment

Eisenmenger syndrome (ASD, VSD, PDA With PAH with reversal of shunt – Right-to-Ieft shunt) Eisenmenger described a syndrome in which pulmonary vascular disease developed in patients with a nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect, There is cyanosis, JVP is normal, there is no parasternal heave, palpable pulmonary trunk in left second intercostal space. There are signs of [...]

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Clinical features Diagnosis with Treatment

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Complications Clinical features and Diagnosis The ductus normally closes at birth. When the ductus remains patent then a left-to-right shunt exists between the aorta to the pulmonary arery. The ductus is attached to the aorta just after he origin of the left subclavian artery. he ductus is attached to the pulmonary [...]

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) CLINICAL FEATURES and examination Investigations with Treatment

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) CLINICAL FEATURES General examination with Treatment There is a shunt from LV to RV due to a defect in the interventricular septum. VSD also occurs in combination with other congenital heart defects, as in an atrioventricular canal (AVC),transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA),tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and occasionally, CLINICAL FEATURES Presentation [...]

Common atrioventricular canal defect or complete atrioventricular septal defect

Common atrioventricular canal defect or complete atrioventricular septal defect There is congestive heart failure in infancy. There may be cyanosis commonly. Isolated ASDs result from abnormal development of the septa that partition the common atrium of the developing heart into right and left chambers. There may be Down’s syndrome. There is marked parasternal heave or [...]

Ostium Primum ASD (Inter atrial communication)

Ostium Primum ASD (Inter atrial communication) The opening in the first septum of the embryonic heart; it closes as the ventricles form. There is right to left shunt and mitral valve regurgitation. Symptoms occur in childhood itself with congestive heart failure and retarded growth and development. There is atrial fibrillation commonly. Due to mitral regurgitation, [...]

Sinus venosus defect or sinus venarum

Sinus venosus defect AII the features are same as ostium secundum except that P waves are inverted in inferior leads, and right hilum in chest X-ray shows dilatation of lower portion of superior vena cava where it joins the right atrium. In the adult, it is incorporated into the wall of the right atrium to [...]

Atrial Septal Defect ASD Clinical features Physical Exam with Treatment

Atrial Septal Defect Clinical features Physical Exam with Treatment Ostium secundum atrial septal defect Most common is ostium secundumASD, located at mid interatrial septum. It is a simple and common type of ASD with shunt from LA to RA. Usually asymptomatic and acyanotic in children and young adults. Atrial Septal Defect Clinical features More [...]

Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve Physical examination Clinical features and Treatment

Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve Ebstein’s anomaly Physical examination with Clinical features Ebsetin’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve is a congenital heart disease in which the tricuspid valve is placed at a lower level so that there is atrialization of the rigFit ventricle. A congenital heart condition resulting from downward displacement of the tricuspid [...]

Clinical features Coarctation of the Aorta 1

Examination and Investigations of coarctation of aorta CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE with Complications

Examination and Investigations of CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Collateral circulation / anastomoses in coarctation of aorta Examination of precordium : A systolic thrill may be felt in the suprasternal notch. There is a heaving left ventricular apical impulse due to pressure overload of LV. A systolic murmur may be [...]

CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Coarctation of the Aorta with Clinical features

CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Coarctation of the Aorta Clinical features coarctation of aorta means a narrowing of the aorta just distal to left subclavian artery, proximal (preductal) or distal (post ductal) to insertion of ductus arteriosus. A narrowing (discrete or of varying lengths) of the aorta at any point but usually located just distal to the [...]

CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES General HEART Malformations defects or structural problem

CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES General defects structural problem in the heart Acyanotic congenital heart diseases with normal or decreased pulmonary arterial blood flow (no shunt). Left sided HEART Malformations or structural problem in the heart Cardiac mal positions – Dextrocardia etc. Congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries .(CTGA). Coarctation of aorta Mitral stenosis. Mitral regurgitation Obstruction at [...]

CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE (Tetralogy of Fallot, Truncus arteriosus )

CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE means congenital heart disease with cyanosis and clubbing Due to high pulmonary vascular resistance in fetus, pulmonary blood flow is very low – only 20% of fetal circulation. CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE A frequently used mnemonic is the “five Ts” of cyanotic CHD: [...]