APH (Antepartum Haemorrhage) and Placenta previa (PP) Diagnosis Symptoms APH (Antepartum Haemorrhage) and Placenta previa (PP) APH (Antepartum Haemorrhage) } It is defined as bleeding from or into the Genital tract. APH (Antepartum haemorrhage) Cause of APH } I. Placenta previa (PP) is defined as the presence of placental tissue...
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ACUTE APPENDICITIS Symptoms Clinical Features Diagnosis Treatment ACUTE APPENDICITIS Acute appendicitis is acute inflammation of the appendix. Acute appendicitis usually occurs in 2nd and 3rd decades in males and females equally. Perforation is common in infancy and elderly. appendicitis has been recognized as one of the most common causes of...
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Acute Peritonitis Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Peritonitis Peritonitis is inflammation of peritoneum. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is defined as an ascitic fluid infection without an evident intraabdominal surgically-treatable source ACUTE PERITONITIS Peritonitis is inflammation of peritoneum. May be localized or diffuse, acute or chronic, infectious or aseptic. Acute peritonitis is...
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Diarrhea Causes Diagnosis Symptoms Treatment Diarrhea Diarrhea is passage of abnormally liquid or unformed stools at an increased frequency. The following definitions have been suggested according to the duration of diarrhea Acute — ≤ 14 days in duration Persistent diarrhea — more than 14 days in duration Chronic — more...
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Tubular Diseases of the Kidney The tubular diseases of the kidney have various presentations. POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease This is a relatively common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The kidneys are enlarged with multiple cysts. The cysts contain straw-colored or hemorrhagic fluid. The cysts are...
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Peptic Ulcer Peptic Ulcer Causes Examination Diagnosis and Treatment An ulcer is a disruption of mucosal lining of stomach and or duodenum due to active inflammation. Ulcers are usually chronic in nature. Peptic ulcer disease is a common illness, affecting about 10% of men and 5% of women during their...
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Sepsis & Septic Shock Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation due to infection. Whenever there is infection there is a reaction from host involving various responses. Systemic responses to infection: · Fever · Hypothermia · Tachypnea · Tachycardia. Sepsis DEFINITIONS There is a continuum of severity ranging...
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Pneumothorax Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment with emergency what is pneumothorax pneumothorax is presence of air in pleural space. The gas enters as the result of a perforation through the chest wall (e.g., due to traumatic or iatrogenic injury) or the pleura (e.g., from the rupture of an emphysematous bleb or...
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Pleural Effusion pleural fluid Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment The pleural space lies between the lung and the chest wall between the 2 layers of pleura, the visceral and parietal pleura. Normally there is a thin layer of fluid in the pleural space. Pleural effusion is said to be present when...
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Sleep Disorders Disturbed sleep is one of the most common health problems. Average requirement of sleep is 7-8 hours per night. States and stages of sleep are defined by characteristic patterns in EEG (electro-encephalogram), EOG (Electrooculogram), EMG (Electromyogram) measured on the chin and neck. Polysomnography The continuous recording of...
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