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diabetes.

Chronic Complications Of Diabetes Mellitus 1

Chronic Long-term Complications Of Diabetes Mellitus

CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MEL­LITUS COMMON DISEASES DUE TO DM HYPERGLYCEMIA AND MICROVASCULAR DISEASE — Hyperglycemia is an important risk factor for the development of microvascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, as it is in patients with type 1 diabetes. Chronic Long-term complications result in morbidity and mor­tality. Children and adolescents with type 2 [...]
May 3, 0
Ophthalmologic Complications of DM 1

Ophthalmologic Complications of DM (Diabetes Mellitus)

Chronic Long-Term Ophthalmologic Complications of DM (Diabetes Mellitus) Blindness – occurs due to progressive diabetic Ret­inopathy and macular oedema. Diabetic retinopathy may be non-proliferative and proliferative. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important causes of visual loss worldwide, and is the principal cause of impaired vision in patients between 25 and 74 years [...]
May 2, 0
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) 3

Diabetic Nephropathy and Renal complications of DM (Diabetes Mellitus)

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) Renal Long-Term complications of DM (Diabetes Mellitus) Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is responsible for high morbidity and mortality. DN is associated with diabetic retinopathy and hy­perglycemia. DN is due to the effect of growth factors, Angiotensin Il, endothelin, AGEs. A high body mass index (BMI) has been associated with an increased risk of [...]
May 2, 0
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) Acute Complication Of DM 2

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) Acute Complication Of DM

HYPERGLYCEMIC HYPEROSMOLAR STATE (HHS) hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS, also known as nonketotic hyperglycemia) and Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are of the most serious acute complications of diabetes. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS, also called nonketotic hyperglycemia) In HHS, there is little or no ketoacid accumulation, the serum glucose concentration frequently exceeds 1000 mg/dL (56 mmol/L), the plasma [...]
May 1, 0
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS 2

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Acute Complications Of Diabetes Mellitus

ACUTE COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS (DKA) DKA is characterized by the triad of hyperglycemia, anion gap metabolic acidosis, and ketonemia. Metabolic acidosis is often the major finding. The serum glucose concentration is usually greater than 500 mg/dL (27.8 mmol/L) and less than 800 mg/dL (44.4 mmol/L)  . However, serum glucose concentrations may exceed 900 mg/dL [...]
May 1, 0
metabolic Syndrome X

Metabolic,Insulin Resistance Syndrome X Causes Symptoms

INSULIN RESISTANCE SYNDROMES or Syndrome X Overview (metabolic syndrome)- consists of : Insulin resistance Hypertension Dyslipidemias Obesity – central Endothelial dysfunction Accelerated cardiovascular disease. The co-occurrence of metabolic risk factors for both type 2 diabetes and CVD (abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemias, and hypertension) suggested the existence of a “metabolic syndrome”  . A similar profile can [...]
April 30, 0
Diabetes mellitus Types,Causes,Symptoms and Diagnosis

Diabetes mellitus Types,Causes,Symptoms and Diagnosis

Diabetes mellitus Overview Types Causes,Symptoms with Diagnosis Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders with hyperglycemia. Glucose intolerance is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in glucose and fat metabolism. Overt diabetes is classified as type 1 (T1DM), type 2 (T2DM), and gestational (GDM) A chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus (DM) [...]
April 30, 0
Aldosteronism 1

Aldosteronism Clinical features Causes and Treatment

Aldosteronism   Clinical features Causes and Treatment definition Aldosteronism is a syndrome with hypersecretion of mineralocorticoid aldosterone. Primary aldosteronism is excessive aldosterone production due to disease of adrenal glands. It is also called nodular hyperplasia or idiopathic hyperaldos­teronism. Nonsuppressible (primary) hypersecretion of aldosterone is a underdiagnosed cause of hypertension. There is hypokalemia, diastolic hypertension, extra [...]
January 23, 0
Adrenal Gland

LABORATORY TESTS FOR ADRENAL FUNCTIONS

LABORATORY TESTS FOR ADRENAL FUNCTION · Tests of pituitary adrenal responsiveness. · Suppression tests -are measurement of target hormone response after suppression of its tropic hormone. · Stimulation tests · Plasma ‘Levels of ACTH and angiotensin II. · Measurement of urinary free cortisol · Measurement of urinary creatinine · Measurement of plasma and urinary level [...]
January 20, 0
Adrenal Gland

Adrenal Gland Steroids

Adrenal Gland Diseases 9V7GZUQ7PBG5 The adrenal cortex produces 3 steroids: 9V7GZUQ7PBG5  9V7GZUQ7PBG5 1. Glucocorticoids 2. Mineralocorticoids 3. Adrenal androgens The function of these steroids are: 1. Glucocorticoids – modulate intermediary me­tabolism and immune responses of the body. 2. Mineralocorticoids – Regulate blood pressure, vascular volume and electrolytes. 3. Adrenal androgens are responsible for second­ary sex [...]
July 14, 0
GOITER and THYROIDITIS

Thyroid Goiter

GOITER of THYROID Acute thyroiditis is an inflammatory condition of thy­roid due to suppurative infection. enlarged thyroid gland may be caused by thyroiditis, benign thyroid nodules, malignancy, iodine deficiency, or any condition that causes hyperfunction or hypofunction of the gland Types of GOITER aberrant goiter: A supernumerary goiter. acute goiter: A goiter that grows rapidly. [...]
July 12, 0
Diabetes Insipidus

Diabetes Insipidus (DI) Causes Diagnosis and Treatment

Diabetes insipidus (DI) Disorders of Neurohypophysis  The neurohypophysis or posterior pituitary gland is made up of nerve tissues originating in su­praoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothala­mus. It produces 2 hormones: 1. AVP or arginine vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 2. Oxytocin AVP acts on renal tubules to absorb the water back into the [...]
May 3, 0
Cushing

Cushing’s Syndrome Symptoms Causes and Treatment

Cushing’s Syndrome Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Cushing’s disease is a hormone disorder caused by high levels of cortisol in the blood disease in which there is ex­cess ACTH secretion, by pituitary adenomas. Cushing’s syndrome is the signs and symptoms that result from prolonged exposure to excessive glucocorticoid hormones. Cushing’s disease: Cushing’s syndrome hormone disorder  [...]
April 21, 0
glucose metablism disease

Glycogen Storage Diseases von Gierke disease, Andersen’s disease, McArdle’s disease

Glycogen Storage Diseases Carbohydrate metabolism provides energy for meta­bolic functions of cell. Metabolism of glucose generates ATP by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Any one of several heritable diseases characterized by the abnormal storage and accumulation of glycogen in the tissues, esp. in the liver Dietary sources of glucose: · Polysaccharide (starch) · Disacchride (lactose, maltose, [...]
March 15, 0
Ficus religiosa Pipal tree Ayurvedic Medicine 1

Ficus Religiosa Pipal tree Ayurvedic Medicine Ficus religiosa Pipal Medicine of gastric problems diabetes diarrhea

Ficus religiosa Pipal tree Ayurvedic Medicine Ficus religiosa Pipal tree or Pippala Ayurvedic Medicine of gastric problems diabetes, inflammatory disorders, asthma, diabetes, diarrhea, epilepsy, infectious and sexual disorders Ficus religiosa Pippala, Pipal tree Is One of the most religious plant in INDIA Hindu camunity, this is commonly called by Pippala and it is almost available in [...]
April 29, 0