CONTRACEPTION ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS

 

Any process, device, or method that prevents conception. Categories of contraceptives include steroids; chemical; physical or barrier; combinations of physical or barrier and chemical; “natural”; abstinence; and permanent surgical procedures

1. COMBINED PILLS –

 

• THE WIDELY USED TABLETS CONSIST OF TABLETS CONTAINING OESTROGEN AND PROGESTIN COMPOUNDS.IT IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE AND REVERSIBLE METHOD OF CONTRACEPTION.

 

EACH TABLET CONTAINS –

• 30 mg ETHINYL ESTRADIOL AND 1 mg OF NORETHISTERONE OR 0.3 mg NORGESTREL

IT HAS GOT TRIGGER ACTION –

• a. INHIBITION OF OVULATION
• b. PRODUCTION OF STATIC ENDOMETRIAL HYPOPLASIA
• c. ALTERATION OF TE CHARACTER OF THE CERVICAL MUCOUS

CONTRAINDICATIONS –

• a. CIRCULATORY DISEASES
• b. LIVER DISEASES
• c. SEVERE MIGRAINE AND OESTROGEN DEPENDENT TUMOUR

 

METHOD OF USE –

• THE PILL SHOULD BE STARTED FROM DAY ONE AF A CYCLE AND CONTINUED AS” THREE WEEKS ON AND ONE WEEK OFF REGIME.PERIODIC CHECK UP IS ESSENTIAL SPECIALLY WHEN PRESCRIBED ABOVE THE AGE OF 35.
• THE PILL SHOULD BE WITHDRAWN IF COMPLICATIONS ARISE SUCH AS CHEST PAIN, SEVERE MIGRAINE VISUAL DISTURBANCE.etc.

BENEFICIAL EFFECTS –

• a. RELIEF OF DYSMENORRHOEA, PREMENSTRUAL TENSION, ENDOMETRIOSIS, ACNE, HIRSUTISM AND LESSER CHANCE OF ECTOPIC AND PID( PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES )
• IT GIVES PROTECTION AGAINST OVARIAN AND ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA.

MINOR SIDE EFFECTS ARE –

• NAUSEA, VOMITING, BREAKTHROUGH BLEEDING, MASTALGIA, LEG CRAMP, WEIGHT GAIN, HYPOMENORRHOEA AND AMENORRHOEA.

MAJOR COMPLICATIONS –

• DEPRESSION, HYPERTENSION, THROMBOEMBOLIC MANIFESTATIONS.

FAILURE RATE –

• 0.1 PER HWY

 

TRIPHASIC PILL –

• IT HAS GOT LESSER AMOUNT OF STEROIDS THAN THE CONVENTIONAL MONOPHASIC TABLETS.MINIMUM DOSES ARE PROVIDED FOR CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECT IN THE EARLY PART OF THE CYCLE AND SLIGHTLY HIGHER DOSES LATER IN THE CYCLE TO PREVENT BREKTHROUGH BLEEDING.
• THERE IS LESSER EFFECT ON THE LIPID METABOLISM.

TRIQUILAR TABLETS ( SHERING- AG )

• FIRST 6 TABLETS – 0.05 mg LEVONORGESTREL AND 30 mg OF ETHINYL ESTRADIOL
• NEXT 5 TABLETS – 0.075 mg LEVONORGESTREL AND 40 mg ETHINYL OESTRADIOL

LAST 10 TABLETS –

• 0.125 mg LEVONORGESTREL AND 30 mg ETHINYL ESTRADIOL.
• it has to be taken like conventional pills.

 

EMERGENCY POST COITAL CONTRACEPTIVE  –

 

• a. HORMONES- MORNING AFTER PILL
• b. ANTI – PROGESTERONE
• c. IUDs

FOLLOWING RAPE OR ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURE –

• EITHER 0.75 mg LEVONORGESTREL TWO DOSES AT 12 HOUR INTERVAL OR TWO TABLETS OF THE COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ARE TO BE TAKEN SOON AFTER COITUS AND TWO MORE TABLETS AFTER TWELVE HOURS ARE QUITE EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING CONTRACEPTION.
• THE FIRST DOSE SHOULD BE TAKEN WITHIN 72 HOURS.

 

MINI PILL OR PROGESTIN ONLY PILL

THE PILL CONTAINS LOW DOSES OF PROGESTIN –

• NORGESTREL -30 mg
• LEVONERGESTREL 75 microgram
• or DESOGESTREL 75 microgram
• IT SHOULD BE TAKEN DAILY AND CAN BE PRESCRIBED DURING LACTATION
• IT IS BEST SUITED WHERE ESTROGEN IS CONTRAINDICATED.

IMPLANT

• NORPLANT IS A PROGESTIN ONLY DELIVERY SYSTEN CONTAINING LEVONORGESTREL
• IT CONSISTS OF 6 CAPSULES CONTAINING 36 mg OF LEVONORGESTREL.IT INITIALLY RELEASES 85 microgram AND LATER ON 30 microgram OF LEVONORGESTREL PER DAY OVER 5 YEARS.
• THE CAPSULES ARE INSERTED SUDERMALLY IN THE INNER ASPECT OF THE NONDOMINANT ARM UNDER LOCAL ANAESTHESIA.
• IT IS GENERALLY INSERTED ON DAY 1 OF THE MENSIS , IMMEDIATELY AFTER ABORTION AND THREE WEEKS AFTER POST PARTUM.

FAILURE RATE

• 0.1 PER 100 WOMAN YEARS.

Recomended Product —

Clearblue Easy Digital Ovulation Test and more, — Contraception