Eisenmenger syndrome (ASD, VSD, PDA With PAH with reversal of shunt – Right-to–Ieft shunt) Eisenmenger described a syndrome in which pulmonary vascular disease developed in patients with a nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect, There is cyanosis, JVP is normal, there is no parasternal heave, palpable pulmonary trunk in left second intercostal...
Read more
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Complications Clinical features and Diagnosis The ductus normally closes at birth. When the ductus remains patent then a left-to-right shunt exists between the aorta to the pulmonary arery. The ductus is attached to the aorta just after he origin of the left subclavian artery. he ductus...
Read more
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) CLINICAL FEATURES General examination with Treatment There is a shunt from LV to RV due to a defect in the interventricular septum. VSD also occurs in combination with other congenital heart defects, as in an atrioventricular canal (AVC),transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA),tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)...
Read more
Common atrioventricular canal defect or complete atrioventricular septal defect There is congestive heart failure in infancy. There may be cyanosis commonly. Isolated ASDs result from abnormal development of the septa that partition the common atrium of the developing heart into right and left chambers. There may be Down’s syndrome. There...
Read more
Sinus venosus defect AII the features are same as ostium secundum except that P waves are inverted in inferior leads, and right hilum in chest X-ray shows dilatation of lower portion of superior vena cava where it joins the right atrium. In the adult, it is incorporated into the wall...
Read more
Atrial Septal Defect Clinical features Physical Exam with Treatment Ostium secundum atrial septal defect Most common is ostium secundumASD, located at mid interatrial septum. It is a simple and common type of ASD with shunt from LA to RA. Usually asymptomatic and acyanotic in children and young adults. Atrial...
Read more
Unstable Angina Pathophysiology Definition STEMI and NSTEMI Unstable Angina Patients with ischemic heart disease can be divided into two groups: Patients with stable angina due to chronic coronary artery disease Patients with acute coronary syndrome Stable angina pectoris is characterized by chest pain or discomfort radiating to left...
Read more
Some other COMPLICATIONS OF AMI AND TREATMENT ARRHYTHMIAS RECURRENT ANGINA PERICARDITIS THROMBOEMBOLISM LV ANEURYSM Other measures: – Control of Hypertension – Physical activity – Avoid physical emotional stress. – Cessation of smoking – Control of blood lipids AND OTHER COMPLICATIONS ARE complications-of-ami-and-treatment-1 1. COMPLICATIONS OF AMI ARRHYTHMIAS Ventricular premature...
Read more
COMPLICATIONS OF AMI AND TREATMENT TRICULAR DYSFUNCTION RV INFARCTION RUPTURE OF FREE WALL CARDIOGENIC SHOCK VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT (VSD) MITRAL REGURGITATION (MR) 1. VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION Ventricular remodeling is a series of changes in shape, size and thickness of ventricular myocardium after infarction. This leads to global LV dysfunction...
Read more
COMPLETE MANAGEMENT OF AMI Coronary Care Unit (CCU) Patients of AMI are admitted to CCU for monitoring of all vital parameters, management of arrhythmias, thrombolytic therapy. For more management-of-acute-myocardial-infarction-ami and acute-myocardial-infarction-management-regime-for-management-of-ami Sedation DiazeRam Lorazepam Reassurance Quiet surroundings. Diet Liquids for 1St 12 hours. Fat <30 % of total calories, carbohydrate...
Read more