Details Descriptions About :: Hemorrhoids

 Hemorrhoids are painful, swollen veins in the lower portion of the rectum or anus. They’re very common, especially during pregnancy and after childbirth. They result from increased pressure in the veins of the anus, which causes the veins to bulge and expand, making them painful, especially while sitting. Age Alert Incidence of hemorrhoids is generally highest between ages 20 and 50.

Causes for Hemorrhoids

Causes Straining at defecation, constipation, low-fiber diet Pregnancy Obesity Prolonged sitting Predisposing factors Hepatic disease, such as amebic abscesses or hepatitis Alcoholism Anorectal infections

Pathophysiology Hemorrhoids

Pathophysiology Hemorrhoids are varicosities in the superior or inferior hemorrhoidal venous plexus. Dilation and enlargement of the plexus of superior hemorrhoidal veins above the dentate line cause internal hemorrhoids. Enlargement of the plexus of inferior hemorrhoidal veins below the dentate line causes external hemorrhoids, which may protrude from the rectum. Hemorrhoids result from activities that increase intravenous pressure, causing distention and engorgement. Hemorrhoids are classified according to severity. First-degree—confined to the anal canal Second-degree—prolapse during straining but reduce spontaneously Third-degree—prolapse and require manual reduction after each bowel movement Fourth-degree—irreducible

Signs and symptoms Hemorrhoids

Signs and symptoms Bright red blood on outside of the stool or on toilet tissue Painless, intermittent bleeding during defecation (internal hemorrhoids) Anal itching, vague anal discomfort Prolapse of rectal mucosa Pain Hard, tender lumps near anus

Diagnostic Lab Test results

Diagnostic test results Physical examination confirms external hemorrhoids. Anoscopy shows internal hemorrhoids. Flexible sigmoidoscopy reveals internal hemorrhoids. Complete blood count shows decreased hemoglobin level and hematocrit. Fecal occult blood testing is positive for blood in stool.

Treatment for Hemorrhoids

Treatment High-fiber diet, increased fluid intake, bulking agents Avoidance of prolonged sitting on the toilet; avoidance of straining Local anesthetic agents, hydrocortisone cream, suppositories Warm sitz baths Injection sclerotherapy or rubber band ligation Hemorrhoidectomy

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