Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve Ebstein’s anomaly Physical examination with Clinical features Ebsetin’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve is a congenital heart disease in which the tricuspid valve is placed at a lower level so that there is atrialization of the rigFit ventricle. A congenital heart condition resulting from...
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Ostium Primum ASD (Inter atrial communication) The opening in the first septum of the embryonic heart; it closes as the ventricles form. There is right to left shunt and mitral valve regurgitation. Symptoms occur in childhood itself with congestive heart failure and retarded growth and development. There is atrial fibrillation...
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CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES General defects structural problem in the heart Acyanotic congenital heart diseases with normal or decreased pulmonary arterial blood flow (no shunt). Left sided HEART Malformations or structural problem in the heart Cardiac mal positions – Dextrocardia etc. Congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries .(CTGA). Coarctation of aorta Mitral...
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CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Coarctation of the Aorta Clinical features coarctation of aorta means a narrowing of the aorta just distal to left subclavian artery, proximal (preductal) or distal (post ductal) to insertion of ductus arteriosus. A narrowing (discrete or of varying lengths) of the aorta at any point but usually...
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Examination and Investigations of CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Collateral circulation / anastomoses in coarctation of aorta Examination of precordium : A systolic thrill may be felt in the suprasternal notch. There is a heaving left ventricular apical impulse due to pressure overload of LV....
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Atrial Septal Defect Clinical features Physical Exam with Treatment Ostium secundum atrial septal defect Most common is ostium secundumASD, located at mid interatrial septum. It is a simple and common type of ASD with shunt from LA to RA. Usually asymptomatic and acyanotic in children and young adults. Atrial...
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Sinus venosus defect AII the features are same as ostium secundum except that P waves are inverted in inferior leads, and right hilum in chest X-ray shows dilatation of lower portion of superior vena cava where it joins the right atrium. In the adult, it is incorporated into the wall...
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Common atrioventricular canal defect or complete atrioventricular septal defect There is congestive heart failure in infancy. There may be cyanosis commonly. Isolated ASDs result from abnormal development of the septa that partition the common atrium of the developing heart into right and left chambers. There may be Down’s syndrome. There...
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Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) CLINICAL FEATURES General examination with Treatment There is a shunt from LV to RV due to a defect in the interventricular septum. VSD also occurs in combination with other congenital heart defects, as in an atrioventricular canal (AVC),transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA),tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)...
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Complications Clinical features and Diagnosis The ductus normally closes at birth. When the ductus remains patent then a left-to-right shunt exists between the aorta to the pulmonary arery. The ductus is attached to the aorta just after he origin of the left subclavian artery. he ductus...
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