Stress Testing (TMT – Treadmill stress test) It is the best test for angina. 12 – lead ECG is recorded before, during, and after exercise on a bicycle or treadmill ergometer. Patient’s ECG, arm blood pressure, heart rate, symptoms are monitored and the work load is gradually increased. Exercise...
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2D echocardiography Doppler echocardiography A noninvasive diagnostic method that uses ultrasound to visualize cardiac structures. Shows global or RWMA (Regional Wall Motion Abnormality) in infarction and ischemia. in which dobutamine is given to patients to increase the workload of the heart, and then the heart is evaluated with ultrasonic...
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MYOCARDITIS CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Diagnosis Signs and symptoms Myocarditis is a condition resulting from inflammation of the heart muscle. usually as a consequence of infections (e.g., viruses, Lyme disease, Lyme carditis ,rheumatic fever, trypanosomes, or toxoplasmosis) However, in contrast to adults, the majority of children with myocarditis present with acute or...
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Rheumatic Fever Signs and symptoms Diagnosis of Rheumatic fever Causes with treatment — Rheumatic fever is acute or first presentation of infection by Streptococcus leading to sore throat, fever, arthritis and/or carditis. A multisystem, febrile inflammatory disease that is a delayed complication of untreated group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Pharyngitis usually...
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CONTRACEPTION ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS Any process, device, or method that prevents conception. Categories of contraceptives include steroids; chemical; physical or barrier; combinations of physical or barrier and chemical; “natural”; abstinence; and permanent surgical procedures 1. COMBINED PILLS – THE WIDELY USED TABLETS CONSIST OF TABLETS CONTAINING OESTROGEN...
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Trypanosomiasis Chagas‘ disease Causes Diagnosis TREATMENT with Signs and Symptoms African trypanosomiasis — African sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma gambiense, and American trypanosomiasis —A disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by the biting reduviid bug. The protozoan Trypanosoma is the cause of Chagas’ disease and sleeping sickness. American...
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TRICHURIS TRICHURA (WHIP WORM) ,ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS (PIN WORM OR THREAD WORM) Diagnosis and Treatment TRICHURIS TRICHURA (WHIP WORM) It is found worldwide. Two of the most common nematode infections worldwide are pinworm, which is caused by Enterobius vermicularis, and whipworm, which is caused by Trichuris trichiura Trichuris Trichura Whip Worm...
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CESTODES (Tape Worms) TAENIA SAGINATA ,TAENIA SOLIUM ,Neurologic manifestations of cysticercii (neurocysticercosis) Tapeworms, or cestodes, are hermaphroditic flatworm parasites, which can live as parasitic adults in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Cysticercosis is caused by the larval stage (metacestode) of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. A genus of tapeworms,...
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Rickettsial Diseases ,ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER ,MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED FEVER A genus of bacteria of the family Rickettsiaceae, order Rickettsiales. Their vectors are arthropods such as fleas, ticks, mites, and lice. They are obligate intracellular parasites (must be in living cells to reproduce) and are the causative agents of many diseases. ROCKY...
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AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) Transmission of HIV Clinical features and Course of HIV infection AIDS is an advanced stage of HIV infection with symptoms and opportunistic infections, with the CD4 cell count below 200 cells / IJL. Most AIDS patients are typical progressors and have a median survival time of 10...
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