Details About Generic Salt ::  Glipizid

Main Medicine Class:: Antidiabetic,Sulfonylurea   

(GLIP-ih-zide)

Glucotrol Glucotrol XL

Class: Antidiabetic/Sulfonylurea

 

Drugs Class ::

 Action Decreases blood glucose by stimulating insulin release from pancreas and by increasing tissue sensitivity to insulin.

Indications for Drugs ::

 Indications Adjunct to diet to lower blood glucose in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type II) whose hyperglycemia cannot be controlled by diet alone.

Drug Dose ::

 Route/Dosage

ADULTS: PO 5 mg/day 30 min before breakfast. Dose should be adjusted in 2.5 to 5 mg/day increments based on blood glucose response. Divided doses may be given (maximum single daily dose 15 mg; maximum total daily dose 40 mg). ELDERLY OR PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE: PO 2.5 mg/day initially.

Contraindication ::

 Contraindications Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas; diabetes complicated by ketoacidosis, with or without coma; sole therapy of insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus; diabetes when complicated by pregnancy.

Drug Precautions ::

 Precautions

Pregnancy: Category C. Insulin is recommended to maintain blood glucose levels during pregnancy. Prolonged severe neonatal hypoglycemia can occur if sulfonylureas are administered at time of delivery. Lactation: Undetermined. Children: Safety and efficacy not established. Elderly and debilitated patients: Elderly and debilitated patients are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemic action. Hypoglycemia may be difficult to recognize in elderly. Hepatic and renal impairment: Use drug with caution and monitor liver and renal function frequently.

PATIENT CARE CONSIDERATIONS

Drug Side Effects ::

 Adverse Reactions

CV: May have increased risk of cardiovascular mortality when compared with patients treated with diet alone. CNS: Dizziness; vertigo. DERM: Allergic skin reactions; eczema; pruritus; erythema; urticaria; morbilliform or maculopapular eruptions; lichenoid reactions; photosensitivity. EENT: Tinnitus. GI: GI disturbances (eg, nausea, epigastric fullness, heartburn); diarrhea. GU: Mild diuresis; elevated BUN and creatinine. HEPA: Cholestatic jaundice; elevated liver function test results. HEMA: Leukopenia; thrombocytopenia; aplastic anemia; agranulocytosis; hemolytic anemia; pancytopenia; hepatic porphyria. META: Hypoglycemia. OTHER: Disulfiram-like reaction; weakness; paresthesia; fatigue; malaise.

Drug Mode of Action ::  

 Action Decreases blood glucose by stimulating insulin release from pancreas and by increasing tissue sensitivity to insulin.

Drug Interactions ::

 Interactions

Alcohol: Produces disulfiram-like reactions (facial flushing, headache, breathlessness). Androgens, chloramphenicol, clofibrate, fenfluramine, fluconazole, gemfibrozil, histamine H₂ antagonists, magnesium salts, methyldopa, monoamine oxidase, oral anticoagulants, phenylbutazone, probenecid, salicylates, sulfinpyrazone, sulfonamides, tricyclic antidepressants, urinary acidifiers: Hypoglycemic effects may be increased. Betablockers, cholestyramine, diazoxide, hydantoins, rifampin, thiazide diuretics, urinary alkalinizers: May decrease hypoglycemic effect. Food: Absorption is delayed when taken with food. Give drug » 30 min before meal.

Drug Assesment ::

 Assessment/Interventions

• Obtain patient history, including drug history and any known allergies. Note hepatic or renal impairment and nature of patient’s diabetes (type I vs type II).
• Check blood sugars frequently and observe for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia and report to health care provider.
• Test urine for glucose and acetone at least three times daily during titration period; report results to health care provider.
• When patients with impaired liver or renal function are receiving this drug, check liver and renal function tests frequently.

OVERDOSAGE: SIGNS & SYMPTOMS   Prolonged hypoglycemia, tingling of lips and tongue, hunger, nausea, lethargy, yawning, confusion, agitation, nervousness, tachycardia, sweating, tremor, convulsions, stupor, coma

Drug Storage/Management ::

 Administration/Storage

• Dose can be divided if single dose is not effective. Also divide doses if patient is taking > 15 mg/day.
• Administer drug 30 min before meal; food delays absorption.
• If administering to pregnant patient, discontinue at least 1 mo before expected date of delivery.
• Store in tightly closed container at room temperature.

Drug Notes ::

 Patient/Family Education

• Remind patient to take medication on empty stomach 30 min before meals.
• Teach patient to self-monitor blood glucose.
• Emphasize importance of following diabetic diet.
• Inform patient that this drug is not substitute for exercise and diet control and that patient should follow prescribed regimens.
• Instruct patient to inform all health care providers involved in his/her care that they are taking this drug.
• Advise patient to carry identification stating that patient is diabetic.
• Inform patient to contact his/her health care provider if symptoms of hypoglycemia occur (fatigue, excessive hunger, profuse sweating, numbness of extremities).
• Tell patient to notify health care provider if symptoms of hyperglycemia occur (excessive thirst or urination, urinary glucose or ketones).
• Instruct patient to report these symptoms to health care provider: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heartburn, sore throat, rash, unusual bruising or bleeding or other physical complaints.
• Advise patient not to take any medication (including otc) or alcohol without consulting health care provider.

Disclaimer ::

The Information available on this site is for only Informational Purpose , before any use of this information please consult your Doctor .Price of the drugs indicated above may not match to real price due to many possible reasons may , including local taxes etc.. These are only approximate indicative prices of the drug.