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Chronic kidney disease causes symptoms treatment 

Description of Chronic kidney disease

Description of Chronic kidney diseaseAccording to dictionary definition  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the loss of kidney function over the time. The gradual progression occurs over years and is eventually permanent if untreated. The destruction of the nephrons eventually leads to building up of toxins and water in the body leading to other complications. The condition is marked by premature deaths, lower quality of life, and increased medical expenses.  Causes and Risk Factors of Chronic kidney diseaseAccording to dictionary definition  Common causes are:1. Hypertension2. Diabetes3. Heart disease4. Nephrotoxins5. Hyperlipidemia6. Polycystic kidney disease7. Glomerulonephritis  Signs and Symptoms of Chronic kidney diseaseAccording to dictionary definition  Common symptoms are:1. Generalized malaise, weakness, and fatigue2. Nausea and vomiting3. Increased frequency of urination, especially at night — nocturia4. Fluid retention leading to edema5. Shortness of breath6. Loss of appetite7. Confusion and lethargy8. Skin is easily bruised, itchy, or pale9. Bleeding10. Fractures and bone pain  Complications and When Should You See a Doctor  According to dictionary definition  Complications may include:1. Hypertension2. Impaired cognitive function3. Uremic encephalopathy4. Peripheral neuropathy5. Renal osteodystrophy6. Arthropathy and bone pain7. Fluid retention leading to hypertension and pulmonary edema  Treatment of Chronic kidney diseaseAccording to dictionary definition  1. Medications will include:a) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)b) Diuretic medicationsc) Erythropoiesis stimulating agentsd) Sodium bicarbonate2. Renal replacement therapy3. Surgical treatments include kidney transplantation  Prognosis and PreventionAccording to dictionary definition  1. CKD generally progresses to end-stage renal disease, but is undetected initially due to its gradual progression.2. Chronic dialysis is associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates.3. Patients with underlying diabetes and hypertension should be aware of the higher risk of developing CKD.4. Eat kidney healthy foods5. Include moderate workout in your daily routine  InvestigationsAccording to dictionary definition  In the early stages, there are no signs or symptoms and lab tests may be the only way to diagnose CKD.  1. Urine tests2. 24-hour urine test3. Blood test such as complete blood count (CBC)4. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)5. Creatinine levels6. Kidney ultrasound7. Biopsy