COMPLICATIONS / EFFECTS OF HYPERTENSI ON Heart

  • The effects on the heart are Concentric LVH
  • LV dilatation
  • Heart failure
  • Coronary atherosclerosis – angina and MI.

Physical examination of the heart reveals:

  • Cardiomegaly LVH
  • s3 present
  • Swmmation gallop.
  • A2 loud
  • Murmur of AR 54 present
Hypertension 2

COMPLICATIONS/EFFECTS OF HYPERTENSION on Heart

ECG

  • LVH
  • Changes of IHD
  • Death can occur due to MI and CHF.

Treatment of cardiac complications

 

  • Treat hypertension
  • Spirinolactone given to prevent cardiac damage by aldosterone
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).

Neurologic Effects CNS dysfunction Features are:

  • Occipital morning headaches
  • Tinnitus
  • Decreased vision
  • Syncope
  • Vascular occlusion
  • Dizziness
  • Light headedness
  • Vertigo
  • Cerebral haemorrhage Encephalopathy
  • Cerebral infarction is due to increased athero­sclerosis
  • Cerebral haemorrhage is due to microaneLJrysms (Charcot – Bouchard aneurysm).
  • Systolic arte­rial pressure has direct relation with develop­ment of cerebral haemorrhage.

Hypertensive encephalopathy The features are:

  • Hypertension
  • · No focal neurological deficit
  • Altered consciousness Increased intracranial pressure Retinopathy with papilledema Seizures
  • If focal neurological signs are present, diagnosis is Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), infarction or haemorrhage.

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