HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS Clinical features Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypersensitivity HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS (HP) It is also called extrinsic allergic alveolitisis an inflammatory disease of alveolar walls, and terminal airways caused by repeated exposure to organic agents in a susceptible person. It’s also called farmer’s lung, commonly due to the HP caused...
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Bronchial Asthma Etiology Pathogenesis Clinical features Treatment of Bronchial Asthma Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airways characterized by increased bronchial responses to a variety of stimuli. There is widespread narrowing of air passages which is relieved by therapy, or by itself. The typical clinical picture is paroxysms of...
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ADVICE TO DIABETICS AND CAD (CORONARY TERY DISEASE) PATIENTS Sodium reduction in diet Weight loss Combined weight loss and sodium reduction. Weight loss By exercise By diet control Drugs for obesity Lifestyle changes Control blood sugar Control blood pressure Control lipids. Dietary advice , Rich in fruits Rich in vegetables...
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Dyslipidemia in diabetes Signs Management with Drugs for diabetic dyslipidemics Dyslipidemia in diabetes Hypertriglyceridemia Reduced HDL cholesterol Small dense LDL particles: Highly atherogenic Easily glycated Susceptible to oxidation. Management of Dyslipidemia in diabetes · Lipids should be aggressively treated · Hyperglycemia should be strictly managed Grave cardiovascular risk in dyslipidemic...
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Dyslipidemias Causes Risk Factors Epidemiology Etiology It initiates atherosclerosis. It causes plaque formation. Alters endothelial functions. It enhances coagulability of blood. major classes of lipids are Chylomicrons Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) Intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) Low density lipoproteins (LDL) High density lipoproteins (HDL). Serum cholesterol >200 mg/dL (5.18 mmol/L):...
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Pulmonary Edema Causes Diagnosis with Treatment Edema is defined as a palpable swelling produced by expansion of the interstitial fluid volume. When the left ventricle is not able to eject all the blood effectively there is pulmonary congestion, systemic hypoperfusion, and exudation of fluid and blood elements into the alveoli;...
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Vascular Diseases of the Extremities PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE ,RISK FACTORS ,Clinical Features Symptoms , Physical signs with Pathology PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE Increased prevalence in patients of : condition that causes partial or complete obstruction of the flow of blood to or from the arteries or veins outside the chest. Diabetes...
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AORTIC DISSECTION Etiology Clinical manifestations Treatment Aortic dissection is a tear of the intima transversely or circumferentially . relatively uncommon, though catastrophic illness often presenting with severe chest pain and acute hemodynamic compromise It is commonly seen along the right lateral wall of ascending aorta. primary event in aortic dissection is...
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AORTIC ANEURYSM Etiology Symptoms with Treatment Aneurysm is a pathological dilatation of a segment of vessel. An aneurysm affecting any part of the aorta from the aortic valve to the iliac arteries. True aneurysm involves all 3 layers of an artery or vein or heart. Pseudo aneurysm is a breakage...
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Fallot’s Tetralogy Clinical features of Fallot’s Tetralogy Symptoms Complications WITH Treatment it is the commonest congenital cyanotic heart disease. This congenital heart disease consists of ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding of aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy. When there is moderate PS and small VSD, there is acyanotic Tetralogy of...
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