Hepatitis Types Causes Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment Acute Viral Hepatitis Classification Types It is an acute systemic infection affecting the liver. Caused by: 1. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) 2. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) 3. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) 4. HBV associated delta hepatitis (HDV) 5. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) 6....
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Hepatitis PROPHYLAXIS and Hepatitis TREATMENT and Management Hepatitis PROPHYLAXIS Prevention is through immunization Hepatitis A prophylaxis Passive immunization with IG Active immunization with killed vaccines 1. Passive immunization is given before exposure or during early incubation period. 2. Post exposure prophylaxis – 0.02 ml/kg IgG is given after exposure as...
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CONSTIPATION Causes Risk Factors and Constipation Treatment Management CONSTIPATION Constipation is a decrease in frequency of passage of stools to less than 3 per week, passage of hard stools, with straining, abdominal fullness and a sense of incomplete evacuation. hard stools, excessive straining, prolonged time spent on the toilet, a...
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Intestinal Obstruction Intestinal obstruction may be mechanical or non mechanical Mechanical obstruction may be adhesions, hernias, diverticulitis, carcinoma, regional enteritis, gall stone obstruction, intussusception. Non-mechanical may be neuromuscular disturbances leading to ileus. Obstruction may occur in small intestine or large intestine. Small intestine obstructions are due to adhesions and hernias....
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Symptoms Treatment Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBs) is a gastrointestinal disorder without any structural pathology, characterized by pain in abdomen, and constipation and diarrhea. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal syndrome characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the...
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ACUTE APPENDICITIS Symptoms Clinical Features Diagnosis Treatment ACUTE APPENDICITIS Acute appendicitis is acute inflammation of the appendix. Acute appendicitis usually occurs in 2nd and 3rd decades in males and females equally. Perforation is common in infancy and elderly. appendicitis has been recognized as one of the most common causes of...
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Acute Peritonitis Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Peritonitis Peritonitis is inflammation of peritoneum. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is defined as an ascitic fluid infection without an evident intraabdominal surgically-treatable source ACUTE PERITONITIS Peritonitis is inflammation of peritoneum. May be localized or diffuse, acute or chronic, infectious or aseptic. Acute peritonitis is...
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Diarrhea Causes Diagnosis Symptoms Treatment Diarrhea Diarrhea is passage of abnormally liquid or unformed stools at an increased frequency. The following definitions have been suggested according to the duration of diarrhea Acute — ≤ 14 days in duration Persistent diarrhea — more than 14 days in duration Chronic — more...
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Inflammatory Bowel Disease (I BD) is an idiopathic and chronic intestinal inflammation. It is of 2 major types : Ulcerative colitis UC) Crohn’s diseas (C.D) The factors associated with increased incidence of IBD are smoking, oral contraceptive, family history, genetic predisposition, hypogammaglobulinaemia, emotional stress. The term for...
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Glomerular Diseases The glomerulus is a modified capillary network which delivers an ultrafiltrate to Bowman’s space. The Bowman space continues as the renal tubule. The glpmerular filtration rate or GFR is dependent on glomerular blood flow and ultrafiltration pressure and filtration surface i.e. mesangial cells. Glomerulonephritis or glomerulopathy means glomerular...
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