Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS There is lung injury manifested as increased permeability of alveolar capillary membrane, diffuse alveolar damage, proteinaceous pulmonary edema. Age: ARDS or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome may occur in children or adults. Syndrome characterized by abrupt onset of diffuse lung injury with severe hypoxemia and bilateral...
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Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve Ebstein’s anomaly Physical examination with Clinical features Ebsetin’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve is a congenital heart disease in which the tricuspid valve is placed at a lower level so that there is atrialization of the rigFit ventricle. A congenital heart condition resulting from...
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Ostium Primum ASD (Inter atrial communication) The opening in the first septum of the embryonic heart; it closes as the ventricles form. There is right to left shunt and mitral valve regurgitation. Symptoms occur in childhood itself with congestive heart failure and retarded growth and development. There is atrial fibrillation...
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PULMONARY INFILTRATES WITH EOSINOPHILIA Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis called eosinophilic pneumonias Characterized by eosinophilic infiltrates in lungs and Increased eosinophilic count in peripheral blood. Characterized by eosinophilic lung infiltrates, with or without peripheral blood eosinophilia Chronic or prolonged pulmonary eosinophilia Churg-Strauss syndrome (polyarteritis nodosa) or allergic angiitis: A rare necrotizing small-vessel vasculitis...
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HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME Differential History ,Diagnosis ,Pathophysiology ,Treatment Of HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME A persistently elevated eosinophil count >1,500 cells/µL for at least 6 months Eosinophil-induced end-organ damage Exclusion of other causes (e.g., parasitic infection, allergy, malignancy, collagen-vascular disease) Almost any organ can be affected, but most patients have bone marrow, cardiac,...
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Environmental Lung Diseases (Pneumoconiosis) Invironmental lung diseases are certain pulmonary diseases for which environmental exposure or occupational conditions are responsible. asbestos lung, asbestos lung cancer, asbestos lung disease, asbestos lung mesothelioma, Mineral dust may give rise to restrictive lung diseases. There may be bronchial asthma called occupational asthma in which there is obstructive...
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Pneumonia Signs and Symptoms Pathophysiology Types of Pneumonia clinical presentation of childhood pneumonia often is dictated by the responsible pathogen, the particular host, and the severity of the pneumonia. Inflammation of the lungs, usually due to infection with bacteria, viruses, or other pathogenic organisms. Clinically, the term “pneumonia” is used...
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COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA community-acquired pneumonia: Pneumonia occurring in outpatients, often caused by infection with streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and atypical organisms. Mortality is approximately 15% but depends on many host and pathogen features History COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA Cough, fever, dyspnea, chills Chest pain (pleuritic or nonpleuritic) Thick, yellow-green, bloody...
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Treatment of Pneumonia ,INDICATIONS FOR HOSPITALIZATION in Pneumonia ,Resistant Pneumonia defined as an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma in a patient who has acquired the infection in the community, as distinguished from hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia, No comorbidities or recent antibiotic use and Comorbidities or recent antibiotic use Treatment according...
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Bronchiectasis Signs and Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Bronchiectasis is an abnormal and permanent dilatation of bronchi. It may be focal or diffuse. Bronchiectasis is an irreversible dilation of one or more airways accompanied by recurrent transmural bronchial infection/inflammation and chronic mucopurulent sputum production. Generally classified into cystic fibrosis (CF) and noncystic...
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