Renin and Hypertension Low renin and High Renin essential hypertension Renin is enzyme secreted by juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. Hypertensives can be low renin essential Hypertensives and high renin essential hypertensives. Low renin essential hypertension : 20% of patients of essential hypertension have low renin essential hypertension. When patients with...
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AORTIC DISSECTION Etiology Clinical manifestations Treatment Aortic dissection is a tear of the intima transversely or circumferentially . relatively uncommon, though catastrophic illness often presenting with severe chest pain and acute hemodynamic compromise It is commonly seen along the right lateral wall of ascending aorta. primary event in aortic dissection is...
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Vascular Diseases of the Extremities PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE ,RISK FACTORS ,Clinical Features Symptoms , Physical signs with Pathology PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE Increased prevalence in patients of : condition that causes partial or complete obstruction of the flow of blood to or from the arteries or veins outside the chest. Diabetes...
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Pulmonary Edema Causes Diagnosis with Treatment Edema is defined as a palpable swelling produced by expansion of the interstitial fluid volume. When the left ventricle is not able to eject all the blood effectively there is pulmonary congestion, systemic hypoperfusion, and exudation of fluid and blood elements into the alveoli;...
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Dyslipidemias Causes Risk Factors Epidemiology Etiology It initiates atherosclerosis. It causes plaque formation. Alters endothelial functions. It enhances coagulability of blood. major classes of lipids are Chylomicrons Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) Intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) Low density lipoproteins (LDL) High density lipoproteins (HDL). Serum cholesterol >200 mg/dL (5.18 mmol/L):...
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Dyslipidemia in diabetes Signs Management with Drugs for diabetic dyslipidemics Dyslipidemia in diabetes Hypertriglyceridemia Reduced HDL cholesterol Small dense LDL particles: Highly atherogenic Easily glycated Susceptible to oxidation. Management of Dyslipidemia in diabetes · Lipids should be aggressively treated · Hyperglycemia should be strictly managed Grave cardiovascular risk in dyslipidemic...
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ADVICE TO DIABETICS AND CAD (CORONARY TERY DISEASE) PATIENTS Sodium reduction in diet Weight loss Combined weight loss and sodium reduction. Weight loss By exercise By diet control Drugs for obesity Lifestyle changes Control blood sugar Control blood pressure Control lipids. Dietary advice , Rich in fruits Rich in vegetables...
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ARKA Definition Arka is a liquid preparation obtained by distillation of certain liquids or drugs soaked in water using the Arkayantra or any convenient modern distillation apparatus. Method of preparation of ARKA The drugs are cleaned and coarsely powdered. Some quantity of water is added to the drugs for soaking...
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AVALEHA OR LEHA AND PAKA Definition AVALEHA OR LEHA AND PAKA Avaleha or Lehya is a semi-solid preparation of drugs, prepared with addition of jaggery, sugar or sugar-candy and boiled with prescribed drug juice or decoction. They are also known as Modaka, Gu·a, Kha¸·a, Rasayana, Leha etc. Method of preparation of...
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Bronchial Asthma Etiology Pathogenesis Clinical features Treatment of Bronchial Asthma Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airways characterized by increased bronchial responses to a variety of stimuli. There is widespread narrowing of air passages which is relieved by therapy, or by itself. The typical clinical picture is paroxysms of...
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