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AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Diagnosis Signs and Symptoms with Treatment

Filed under  AIDS, Diagnosis, Disease, HIV, Infections, STD disease, Tubercular Treatment, Tuberculosis, viral disease
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AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) Transmission of HIV Clinical features and Course of HIV infection

AIDS is an advanced stage of HIV infection with symp­toms and opportunistic infections, with the CD4 cell count below 200 cells / IJL.

Most AIDS patients are typical progressors and have a median survival time of 10 years. Some AIDS pa­tients may have no symptomsADVICE TO DIABETICS AND CAD in HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIAS with Complete Drug Treatment. Read more ... » for up to 7 years.

 

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AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeMetabolic,Insulin Resistance Syndrome X Causes Symptoms. Read more ... »)


AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

  • It was first reported in 1981 in US and is now a world­wide epidemic. It is caused by human immunodefi­ciency virus (HIV).
  • The HIV attacks the immune systemADVICE TO DIABETICS AND CAD in HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIAS with Complete Drug Treatment. Read more ... » of the body lead­ing to a multitude of serious infections and cancers.
  • An HIV positive individual is a patient who is in­fected with HIV but is asymptomatic.
  • AIDS is an advanced stage of HIV infection with symp­toms and opportunistic infections, with the CD4 cell count below 200 cells / IJL.
  • Most AIDS patients are typical progressors and have a median survival time of 10 years. Some AIDS pa­tients may have no symptoms for up to 7 years.
  • Antiretroviral therapy has reduced the morbidity and mortality of HIV infection.
AIDS (Acquired Im
human immunodefi­ciency virus (HIV)

 

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)sd
Persons at increased risk of HIV infection

Persons at increased risk of HIV infection

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Transmission of HIV


Transmission of HIV infection

  • 1. Sexual contact.
  • 2. Transfusion of infected blood and blood products.
  • 3. Mother to child – HIV is transmitted from infected mother to child during pregnancy, during deliv­ery, or after birth through breast- feeding.
  • 4. Contact with infected instruments and body flu­ids – needle-sharing among drug users, acupunc­ture, tattooing, occupational exposure, medicalDizziness cause diagnosis treatment. Read more ... » procedures, contact with body fluids.
  • Insects which feed on human blood cannot spread HIV.

Body fluids which transmit HIV infection

Clinical features and Course of HIV infection aesd
ClinicalADVICE TO DIABETICS AND CAD in HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIAS with Complete Drug Treatment. Read more ... » features and Course of HIV infectionPrimary HIV

Clinical featuresPulmonary Thromboembolism Pathophysiology Clinical Features with Treatment. Read more ... » and Course of HIV infection Primary HIV

Clinical features and Course of HIV infection fd
Clinical features and Course of HIV infectionPrimary HIV

From 2 to 6 weeks the person is very infectious and the virus is present in large quantities in genital flu­ids.

  • Severe symptoms occur after 10 years or more in adults.
  • The virus multiplies and kills the cells of the immune system especially CD4 T lymphocytes resulting in a decreasing number of CD4 cells.
  • There is immunodeficiency and increased suscepti­bility to opportunistic infections and cancers.
  • HIV infects the CNS, testes and other organs.

The virus remains latent in CD4 cells, hence it is not possible to eradicate HIV.

As immune function deteriorates, death becomes cer­tain.

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HIV virus remains latent in CD4 cell

Opportunistic infections in HIV

Clinical features and Course of HIV infection da
Opportunistic infections in HIV
Indications for HIV screening rtg
hiv Investigations


Investigations HIV infection

  • · ELISA +ve test is found within 3 months of getting the infection.
  • · HIV infection is diagnosed on the basis of 3 ELISA tests.
  • · AIDS is diagnosed on the basis of 2 ELISA rapid tests using different antigens.
  • · Western Blot is used for confirmation of indeter­minate ELISA results.
  • · Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays – Pres­ence of HIV DNA is diagnostic.
  • · Rapid oralHow Can Protect Your Oral Health. Read more ... » HIV test.
Transmission of HIV h
Indications for HIV screening


Indications for HIV screening

Treatment HIV infection

  • Antiretrovirals – these inhibit the viral replica­tion
  • TreatmentADVICE TO DIABETICS AND CAD in HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIAS with Complete Drug Treatment. Read more ... » of opportunistic infections Psychosocial support. Antiretroviral therapy:
  • Antiretroviral therapy should be started when CD4 count goes below 350 to 200 cells jlJL or HIV RNA is above 55,000 copiesjml.
  • If CD4 counts are not available, total lympho­cyte count may be used.
  • All symptomatic patients must be given antiretroviral therapy.
  • Antiretroviral therapy must be continued indefi­nitely, with regular monitoring.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) :

  • HAART is a triple or 4 drug antiretroviral regime to suppress HIV replication for a long time.
  • This leads to increased CD4 count and reduction in HIV RNA.
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HIV IN WOMEN

HIV IN WOMEN

  • Maternal HIV transmission can occur to the fetus dur­ing labour and delivery or after birth via breast feed­ing.
  • HIV transmission is common during late pregnancy, labour and delivery.
  • Maternal transmission of HIV occurs if there is low CD4 count, first-born twins, high viral loads.

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

  • Nurses, lab technicians, doctors, residents, paramedicals, medical students are at increased risk.
  • Pricks on the skin can result in AIDS more than mu­cous membrane exposure.
  • Direct contact with blood and body fluids during sur­gery or diagnostic procedures must be avoided.

POST EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS

  • PEP means treatment of a person after exposure, with antiretroviral therapy.
  • PEP should be started within 1-2 hours of exposure
  • to prevent HIV infection. -
  • - It should be started as early as possible after expo­sure.
  • PEP consists of 28 days of :
  • IZidovudine 300 mg BD + Lamivudine 150 mg BD OR
  • tavudine 30 mg BD + Lamivudine 150 mg BD
  • An expanded regimen consists of Indinavir 800 mg 8 hrly added to the above regime.
HIV AND TUBERCULOSIS r
HIV AND TUBERCULOSIS


HIV AND TUBERCULOSIS

Other infections

  • Infections with Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter and even atypical and low virulence pathogens are very common in AIDS patients.

Other measures for longer life in HIV patients

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