ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE, NECATOR and STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS

Hookworm infections are common in the tropics and subtropics, Species of hookworm that commonly infests humans, causing ancylostomiasis; widely found in temperate regions. Ancylostoma caninum and Ancylostoma braziliense: Species of hookworm that infests dogs and cats and may cause cutaneous larva migrans in humans.

Ancylostoma Duodenale HOOKWORM

• Sanitary practices allow for human fecal contamination of the soil.
• There is contact of human skin with contaminated soil.
• The soil is appropriately damp to favor larval survival.

AMERICANUS (HOOKWORM)

• It is found in hot humid regions.
• The infective stage is larva. The route of infection is through the skin.
• The larva passes through lungs also.
• It is also found in jejunal mucosa.
• Adult worm size is about 1 cm.
• Incubation period is 50 – 100 days.
• It can survive for 2-8 years.
• Chief symptoms are iron deficiency anaemia.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS —

• Acute gastrointestinal symptoms
• Dermal penetration by infecting larvae
• Chronic nutritional impairments
• Transpulmonary passage

Ancylostoma Duodenale HOOKWORM Life cycle

Diagnosis of HOOKWORM

• • By eggs in fresh stool and larva in old stool.

Treatment of HOOKWORM

• Mebendazole,
• Pyrantel pamoate,
• Albendazole

STRONGYLOIDESSTERCORALIS

• It is found in hot and humid regions. ihe infective stage is filariform larva.
• Route of infection is percutaneous i.e. through the skin or autoinfection.
• The worms reside in the small bowel mucosa. Adult worm size is 2 mm.
• There is pulmonary passage of larva also. Incubation period is 15 – 30 days.
• Chief symptoms are gastrointestinal malabsorption or sepsis.

STRONGYLOIDESSTERCORALIS Life cycle

Diagnosis of STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS

• · By larva in stool or duodenal aspirate and even sputum.

Treatment of STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS

• Ivermectin,
• Albendazole,
• Thiabendazole.