Measles, Mumps Causative agents Diagnosis Clinical Signs and Symptoms With Treatment

Measles  Causative Virus Diagnosis Clinical Signs and Symptoms

MEASLES Caused by

• myxoviruses – rubeola. Rubeola means red spots Characterized by :
• · Fever
• · URTI – coryza, cough
• · Typical rash
• Measles can cause high morbidity and mortality.

Measles  Causative Virus ,with Diagnosis Clinical Signs and Symptoms

• MEASLES Causative agent:

• RNA paramyxovirus.
• MEASLES Source of infection
  • A case of measles – nose,
  • throat and
  • respiratory tract secretions.
• MEASLES Infectivity
  • 4 days before and 4 days after appear­ance of rash.

One infection gives life long immunity. There is no second attack.

MEASLES Age

• Occurs up to 5 years of age.

MEASLES Incubation period

• 2 weeks before rash to appear­ance of rash.

 MEASLES Clinical features

• · For 4 days there is fever, cold, sneezing, cough, red eyes with watering, vomiting, diarrhea.
• · Koplik’s spots are rashes on buccal mucosa op­posite the molars seen 2 days before the rash. They are small bluish-white on red background and very tiny.
• · There is maculopapular rash behind the ears, face, neck up to legs.
• · Rashes may be separate or merged together.
• · Rashes disappear in 4 days.
• · There is weakness and loss of weight.

MEASLES Complications

• · Diarrhea, Pneumonia, Otitis media.
• · Neurological complications – febrile convulsions, encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE).
• SSPE is rare and occurs many years after measles.

MEASLES Vaccination

• · Active immunization – single subcutaneous dose of live attenuated vaccine are safe and effec­tive.
• · Given at 9 months age.
• · There is fever for 5 days after vaccine.

MUMPS

Mumps Causative Virus Diagnosis Clinical Signs and Symptoms

MUMPS Caused by

• Myxovirus parotiditis – RNA myxovirus. Involves glandular and nervous tissue.
• There is enlargement of parotid glands but no ab­scess.

Mumps Causative Virus ,with Diagnosis Clinical Signs and Symptoms

MUMPS Period of infectivity

• is one week before and one week after symptoms.
• MUMPS Age
  • 5 to 15 years.
  • One attack gives lifelong protection against mumps.
• MUMPS Spread is by
  • droplet infection from case to case.
  • MUMPS  Incubation period
  • is 18 days.

• MUMPS Clinical features

  • · There is pain and swelling of one or both parotid glands
  • · There is earache
  • · Pain and stiffness – on opening the mouth
  • · Fever
  • · Headache.

MUMPS Complications

• · Orchitis
• · Ovaritis
• · Pancreatitis
• · Meningo-encephalitis
• · Myocarditis
• · Nerve deafness.

MUMPS Vaccination

• Live attenuated vaccine for one-year ­old children.