Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections in eye caused by STAPHYLOCOCCAL

NEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS

• . Streptococcus pneumoniae or diplococcus pneumoniae is the major cause of pneumonia. These Gram +ve cocci grow in chains.
• Some conditions that predispose to pneumococcal infections are overcrowding, viral respiratory infec­tions, air pollution, smoking, COPD, multiple myeloma, extremes of ages, HIV infection, glucocorticoid treat ment, hepatic and renal insufficiency.
• Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are acute sinusitis, pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis, empyema, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, peritonitis, cellulitis, brain abscess.
• The antibiotics effective against pneumococcal infec tions are amoxycillin, amoxycillin + c1avulanic acid, ceftriaxone, quinolone, penicillin, cefotaxime, imipenem, vancomycin.

STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTION

STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS

• Staphylococcus aureus is a virulent pathogen, Gram positive cocci, which appear as grape-like clusters on Gram’s stain.
• The other staphylococci are less virulent called co agulase-negative staphylococci.

The diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus are:

Staphylococcus Skin and soft tissue infections

Staphylococcus  Skin and soft tissue infections

• · Folliculitis
• · Furuncle
• · Cellulitis
• · Impetigo
• · Surgical wound infections.

Staphylococcus Musculo skeletal infections legs

Staphylococcus Musculo skeletal infections in bone

Staphylococcus Musculo skeletal infections

• · Septic arthritis
• · Osteomyelitis.

Staphylococcus Respiratory tract infections

Staphylococcus Respiratory tract infections

• · Ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia
• · Septic pulmonary emboli
• · Empyema.

Staphylococcus Bacteremia

• · Sepsis and septic shock
• · Metastatic infections of kidney, joints, bones and lungs.

Staphylococcus Infective endocarditis

• · Native valve
• · Prosthetic valve
• · Injection drug users.

Treatment:

• Antimicrobial therapy for Staphylo coccus aureus infection
• Penicillin, Nafcillin, Cefazolin, Vancomycin
• Trimethoprim-SuIphamethoxazole.

Staphylococcus STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS

• Streptococci are Gram+ve bacteria round or ovoid shaped, which grow in chains.
• Many streptococci which cause human infection pro duce a zone of hemolysis around the bacterial colony on blood agar called beta hemolysis.
• The beta-hemolytic streptococci are classified into Lancefield groups ABC and D.
• Group A consists of a single species S. pyogenes. S. pyogenes causes suppurative infections and can cause post-infectious syndromes like acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis.
• Group B is represented by S. agalactiae. It is the lead ing cause of bacterial maningitis in newborns and endometritis in women.
• Group C causes pharyngitis, cellulitis, pneumonia and bacteremia.
• Group D is represented by enterococci and S. bovis. Viridans streptococci belong to variable group