TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION Lifestyle modification For normal persons and prehypertensives life style modification is advised. For patients with compelling indications like heart failure, post MI, high coronary artery disease risk, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and recurrent strokes adequate drug treatment to keep the blood pressure < 130/80 is advisable for...
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COMPLICATIONS / EFFECTS OF HYPERTENSI ON Heart The effects on the heart are Concentric LVH LV dilatation Heart failure Coronary atherosclerosis – angina and MI. Physical examination of the heart reveals: Cardiomegaly LVH s3 present Swmmation gallop. A2 loud Murmur of AR 54 present ECG LVH Changes of IHD...
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Risk factors for adverse prognosis in hypertension with Etiology Non-whites Youth (young) and Males Diastolic blood pressure consistently more than 115 mmHg Smoking and Alcoholism Diabetes mellitus Hypercholesterolemia Obesity End organ damage Cardiac enlargement ECG showing ischemia or LVH with strain pattern MI (myocardial infarction) 9< CHF (heart failure) Eyes –...
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Hypertension Hypertension is a serious disease which may be asymptomatic. According to JNC-7 normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg and a blood pressure equal to or more than 140 mmHg systolic and 90 mmHg diastolic is hypertension. Etiology is unknown in 90 – 95% cases. Greater than normal tension or...
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PRINZMETAL’S VARIANT ANGINA This is a syndrome of ischemic pain at rest and with ECG showing transient ST elevation. This sydrome is caused by spasm of coronary artery leading to severe ischemia. It may occur in patients who may not have any coronary artery stenosis. It is a kind of...
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Management of UA / NSTEMI ,with Anti-ischemic treatment -,uses of Nitrates and Beta adrenergic blockers . Risk stratification and Prognosis Early risk within 30 days for death and new infarction is about 10%. Patients at high risk are age more than 65 years, 3 or more risk factors for CAD, documented...
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Clinical features of Unstable Angina(UA) / NSTEMI — There is chest pain in the substernal lesion or epigastrium radiating to neck, left shoulder and left arm. There is severe discomfort or pain. Anginal equivalents like dyspnoea and epigastric discomfort are also frequently present. There is diaphoresis (increased sweating), pale skin,...
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ADVICE TO DIABETICS AND CAD (CORONARY TERY DISEASE) PATIENTS Sodium reduction in diet Weight loss Combined weight loss and sodium reduction. Weight loss By exercise By diet control Drugs for obesity Lifestyle changes Control blood sugar Control blood pressure Control lipids. Dietary advice , Rich in fruits Rich in vegetables...
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AORTIC DISSECTION Etiology Clinical manifestations Treatment Aortic dissection is a tear of the intima transversely or circumferentially . relatively uncommon, though catastrophic illness often presenting with severe chest pain and acute hemodynamic compromise It is commonly seen along the right lateral wall of ascending aorta. primary event in aortic dissection is...
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AORTIC ANEURYSM Etiology Symptoms with Treatment Aneurysm is a pathological dilatation of a segment of vessel. An aneurysm affecting any part of the aorta from the aortic valve to the iliac arteries. True aneurysm involves all 3 layers of an artery or vein or heart. Pseudo aneurysm is a breakage...
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