COMPLICATIONS / EFFECTS OF HYPERTENSI ON Heart

• The effects on the heart are Concentric LVH
• LV dilatation
• Heart failure
• Coronary atherosclerosis – angina and MI.

Physical examination of the heart reveals:

• Cardiomegaly LVH
• s3 present
• Swmmation gallop.
• A2 loud
• Murmur of AR 54 present

ECG

• LVH
• Changes of IHD
• Death can occur due to MI and CHF.

Treatment of cardiac complications

• Treat hypertension
• Spirinolactone given to prevent cardiac damage by aldosterone
• ACE inhibitors
• Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).

Neurologic Effects CNS dysfunction Features are:

• Occipital morning headaches
• Tinnitus
• Decreased vision
• Syncope
• Vascular occlusion
• Dizziness
• Light headedness
• Vertigo
• Cerebral haemorrhage Encephalopathy
• Cerebral infarction is due to increased athero­sclerosis
• Cerebral haemorrhage is due to microaneLJrysms (Charcot – Bouchard aneurysm).
• Systolic arte­rial pressure has direct relation with develop­ment of cerebral haemorrhage.

Hypertensive encephalopathy The features are:

• Hypertension
• · No focal neurological deficit
• Altered consciousness Increased intracranial pressure Retinopathy with papilledema Seizures
• If focal neurological signs are present, diagnosis is Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), infarction or haemorrhage.