Archives for

GIT

Glycogen Storage Diseases von Gierke disease, Andersen’s disease, McArdle’s disease

Glycogen Storage Diseases Carbohydrate metabolism provides energy for metabolic functions of cell. Metabolism of glucose generates ATP by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Any one of several heritable diseases characterized by the abnormal storage and accumulation of glycogen in the tissues, esp. in the liver Dietary sources of glucose: · Polysaccharide (starch) · Disacchride (lactose, maltose, [...]

Amyloidosis Symptoms Diagnosis Prognosis and Treatment

Amyloidosis Amyloidosis is deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils in extracellular spaces of organ and tissues due to abnormal protein folding. metabolic disorders resulting from the insidious deposition of protein-containing fibrils (amyloid) in tissues, diseases characterized by extracellular deposition of insoluble protein fibrils in organs and tissues clinical manifestations of amyloidosis are enormously varied, and the [...]

Sarcoidosis Causes Diagnosis Symptoms and Treatment

Sarcoidosis It is a chronic, multisystem disorder of unknown cause. chronic multisystem disease of unknown etiology, characterized by noncaseating (hard) granulomas and lymphocytic alveol, Sarcoidosis is a noninfectious, multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown cause, commonly affecting young and middle-aged adults. Almost any other organ may be involved, including liver, spleen, lymph nodes, heart, and CNS. [...]

Systemic Sclerosis Diagnosis Symptoms Treatment Management

Diagnosis Systemic Sclerosis – Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis [SSc]) is a chronic disease of unknown cause characterized by diffuse fibrosis of skin and visceral organs and vascular abnormalities History Raynaud phenomenon is frequently the initial complaint. Skin thickening, “puffy hands,” and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are often noted early in the disease process. Systemic Sclerosis Physical [...]

Systemic Sclerosis Classification Prognosis and Complications

Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) Systemic Sclerosis Classification Epidemiology Pathology Prognosis and Complications It is a chronic multisystem disorder. There is thickening of the skin due to accumulation of connective tissue affecting the structure and function of gastrointestinal system (GIT), lungs, heart, kidneys and other organs. There is vascular damage, and other immune processes resulting in damage [...]

Chronic pancreatitis Causes Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment

Chronic pancreatitis Diseases Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment Chronic pancreatitis Pregentation · Abdominal pain · Steatorrhea. A form of pancreatitis that results from repeated or massive pancreatic injury, marked by the formation of scar tissue, which leads to malfunction of the pancreas Irreversible: Progressive destruction of the pancreas Results in both exocrine and endocrine deficiencies Pain, [...]

ACUTE PANCREATITIS Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment

ACUTE PANCREATITIS Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment ACUTE PANCREATITIS acute inflammatory process of the pancreas. It is usually associated with severe acute upper abdominal pain and elevated blood levels of pancreatic enzymes The pancreas secretes 1500 to 3000 ml of pancreatic fluid with about 20 enzymes. The disease may be relatively mild, resolving in 3 or [...]

Pancreatitis (inflammatory disease of pancreas) Signs and Symptoms Diagnostic Tests

Pancreatitis (inflammatory disease of pancreas) Signs and Symptoms Diagnostic Tests Pancreatic Diseases Pancreatitis is inflammatory disease of pancreas Various presentations of Pancreatitis : · Hypertriglyceridemia · Vitamin B12 malsorption · Hypercalcemia · Hypocalcemia · Hyperglycemia · Ascites · Pleural effusion · Chronic abdominal pain. Pancreatitis Prognosis: Several techniques are used to determine how well (or how [...]

VARICEAL BLEEDING Clinical features Diagnosis and Treatment

VARICEAL BLEEDING Clinical features Diagnosis and Treatment VARICEAL BLEEDING It results from portal systemic venous collaterals when portal hypertension is more than 12 mmHg. Clinical features,: There is painless hematemesis, tachycardia and even shock. VARICEAL BLEEDING Differential diagnosis : Peptic ulcer and gastritis. Endoscopy is done for proper diagnosis. Variceal bleeding is serious emergency patients [...]

Portal Hypertension Clinical Features Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment

Portal Hypertension Clinical Features Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment Portal Hypertension Normal pressure in portal vein is 5-10 mmHg. Vascular resistance in hepatic sinusoids is low. Increased pressure in the portal vein caused by an obstruction of the flow of blood through the liver. Portal hypertension is found in diseases such as cirrhosis, Portal hypertension is [...]

Post Hepatitis and Cryptogenic Cirrhosis Cardiac, Cirrhosis, Metabolic, Hereditary, Drug Related Cirrhosis

Post Hepatitis and Cryptogenic Cirrhosis Cardiac, Cirrhosis, Metabolic, Hereditary, Drug Related Cirrhosis POST HEPATITIC AND CRYPTOGENIC CIRRHOSIS Post hepatitis or post necrotic cirrhosis may follow any chronic liver disease. Cryptogenic cirrhosis is cirrhosis of unknown etiology. POST HEPATITIC Cirrhosis Etiology · Cirrhosis may follow viral hepatitis B or C. · It is especially common in [...]

Biliary Cirrhosis (Primary and Secondary) Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment

Biliary Cirrhosis (Primary and Secondary) Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment BILIARY CIRRHOSIS Biliary cirrhosis occurs due to injury or prolonged obstruction of intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary system. There is destruction of liver cells and progressive fibrosis with biliary obstruction. In primary biliary cirrhosis there is intrahepatic bile ductules obstruction. progressive jaundice, consequences of impaired bile excretion, [...]

Alcoholic Cirrhosis Clinical features Physical findings Treatment

Alcoholic Cirrhosis Clinical features Physical findings Treatment ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS This results from chronic alcohol ingestion and may follow alcoholic fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis. It is also called Laennec‘s cirrhosis, and micronodular cirrhosis. Chronic hepatitis C infection worsens alcoholic hepatitis leading to alcoholic cirrhosis. Alcoholic Cirrhosis Clinical features · It may be symptomless · There [...]

Cirrhosis and COMPLICATIONS of CIRRHOSIS with Treatment

Cirrhosis and COMPLICATIONS of CIRRHOSIS with Treatment Cirrhosis Cirrhosis means there is irreversible liver damage with extensive fibrosis, and formation of regenerative nodules. There is hepatocyte necrosis with nodular regeneration of liver parenchyma. characterized pathologically by liver scarring with loss of normal hepatic architecture and areas of ineffective regeneration Cirrhosis represents a late stage of [...]

Alcoholic Liver Disease Diagnosis CAGE criteria and Treatment

Alcoholic Liver Disease Diagnosis CAGE criteria and Treatment Alcoholic Liver Disease Alcoholic liver disease is involvement of the liver due to chronic and excessive alcohol intake. There is a spectrum of clinical and laboratory findings in patients with alcoholic liver disease, ranging from asymptomatic fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis to end-stage liver failure with jaundice, [...]

Chronic Hepatitis Classification viral hepatitis Clinical features and Treatment

Chronic Hepatitis Classification viral hepatitis Clinical features and Treatment Chronic Hepatitis Chronic hepatitis is a liver disorder with inflammation and necrosis persisting for more than 6 months. Chronic hepatitis may be mild, non-progressive, or severe, or may lead to cirrhosis. Chronic hepatitis may be of three types: · Chronic viral hepatitis · Chronic drug-induced hepatitis [...]

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