The Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)

 (STD) Sexually Transmitted Compleat information Diseases Causes, Symptoms,

(STD) Sexually Transmitted Compleat information Diseases Causes, Symptoms, The Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Are a group of communicable diseases that are transmit­ted predominantly by sexual contact and caused by a wide range of bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal agents and ectoparasites.

Classification of sexually transmitted disease agents-

A– Bacterial agents

• · Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• · Chlamydia trachomatis
• · Treponema pallidum
• · Haemophilus ducreyi
• · Mycoplasma hominis
• · Ureaplasma urealyticum
• · Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
• · Shigella spp.
• · Campylobacter spp.
• · Group B streptoccous
• ·Bacterial vaginosis-associated organisms.

B– Viral agents

• · Human (alpha) herpesvirus 1 or 2 (herpes simplex virus)
• · Human (beta) herpesvirus 5 (formerly cy­tomegalovirus)
• · Hepatitis virus B
• · Human papilloma viruses

C–  Protozoalagetns

• · Entamoeba histolytica
• · Giardia lamblia
• · Trichomonas vaginalis.

D–  Fungalagents

• • Candidia albicans.

E–  Ectoparasites

• · Phthirus pubis
• · Sarcoptes scabiei.

Causative organism

• Neisseria gonorrhoeae — Gonorrhoea, urethritis, cervicitis, epididymitis, salpingitis, PID, neo­natal conjunctivitis
• Treponema pallidum — Syphilis
• Haemophilus ducreyi — Chancroid
• Chlamydia trachomatis — LGV (Lymphogranuloma venereum), urethritis, cervicitis, procititis, epididymitis, infant pneumonia, Reiter’s syndrome, PID (Pelvic In­flammatory Disease), neonatal conjunctivitis
• Calymmatobacterium granulomatis — Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale)
• Herpes simplex virus — Genital herpes
• Hepatitis B virus — Acute and chronic hepatitis Genital and anal warts
• Human papilloma viruses – genital and anal warts
• Human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) — AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
• Molluscum contagiosum — Genital molluscum contagiosum
• Candida albicans — Vaginitis
• Trichomonas vaginalis — Vaginitis

Presentations of STD —

• · Male urethritis
• · Lower genital syndromes in women; vaginitis!
• · Genital ulceration
• · Procititis! colitis
• · Salpingitis
• · Epididymitis! orchitis
• · Infertility! ectopic pregnancy
• · Postnatal and perinatal morbidity
• · Hepatitis! hepatic carcinoma
• · Genital carcinoma
• · Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

NOTE–

Age: The highest incidence is at the age of 20-24 years i.e. sexually active group. Marital status: The frequency of STO infection is higher among single, divorced and separated persons than among married couples. Socio-economic status: individuals from the low­est socio economic have the highest morbidity. This is short description about STD disease. Precaution is always better then cure.