The Brand Name RETROVIR Has Generic Salt :: Zidovudine 

RETROVIR  Is From Company Gsk Priced :: Rs. 600

RETROVIR have Zidovudine is comes under Sub class Anti Retrovirals (Drugs for HIV) of  Main Class Anti Infectives

Main Medicine Class:: Anti Infectives  Sub Medicine Class :: Anti Retrovirals (Drugs for HIV) 

Indications for Drugs ::

Cancer therapy-induced hyperuricaemia, HIV infection

Drug Dose ::

Adult: PO HIV infection 600 mg/day in divided doses, w/ other anti-retrovirals. Child: 6 wk – 12 yr: 160 mg/m2 every 8 hr. Max: 200 mg every 8 hr. May be used in combination with other anti-retrovirals. Renal impairment: Haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis: 100 mg every 6-8 hr. CrCl (ml/min) <10 100 mg every 6-8 hr. Prevention of maternal-foetal HIV transmission 100 mg 5 times/day given after 14 wk of pregnancy until start of labour. IV HIV infection 1-2 mg/kg 4 hrly. Child: As continuous infusion: 20 mg/m2/hr. Alternatively, as intermittent infusion: 120 mg/m2 every 6 hr. Renal impairment: Haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis: 1 mg/kg every 6-8 hr. CrCl (ml/min) <10 1 mg/kg every 6-8 hr. Prevention of maternal-foetal HIV transmission during labour and delivery Loading dose: 2 mg/kg, then 1 mg/kg/hr until the umbilical cord is clamped. Hepatic impairment: Dose reduction may be needed. Contraindication ::

Lactation.

Drug Precautions ::

Anaemia or myelosuppression, renal and hepatic impairment, elderly, pregnancy. Monitor patients with risk factors for liver disease. Blood tests should be carried out regularly, reduce dose if neutrophil or haemoglobin count is low. Monitor serum CK concentration every 3 mth in patients who have received >6 mth of treatment. Patients to contact doctor if they experience muscle weakness, shortness of breath, symptoms of hepatitis or pancreatitis.

Drug Side Effects ::

Nausea, severe headache, myalgia, insomnia, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea, asthenia, dizziness, taste perversion, convulsions, myopathy, nail, skin and oral mucosa pigmentation, raised LFT, pancreatitis, fat redistribution. Potentially Fatal: Lactic acidosis, severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, hepatotoxicity. Blood dyscrasias, e.g. serious anaemia (may require transfusion), neutropenia, leucopenia.

Pregnancy category ::

3

Drug Mode of Action ::  

Zidovudine is a thymidine analogue. It is phosphorylated in the body to its active form zidovudine triphosphate which interferes in DNA synthesis of retroviruses by inhibiting DNA replication. Zidovudine inhibits the key enzyme reverse transcriptase. Human DNA polymerase is inhibited only at a conc 100 times more than that required to inhibit viral reverse transcriptase.

Drug Interactions ::

Decreased zidovudine concentration with tipranavir. Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy with bortezomib. Increased haematological toxicity with IV pentamidine, lamivudine, dapsone, vancomycin flucytosine, amphotericin, ganciclovir, interferon alfa, cyclophosphamide and other bone marrow suppressive or cytotoxic agents Increased risk of zidovudine toxicity with atovaquone, chloramphenicol, fluconazole, valproate. Decreased absorption with clarithromycin, minimise interactions by admin at least 2 hours apart. Increased zidovudine concentration and increased potential for hypersensitivity reactions with probenecid. Increased zidovudine clearance and haematological toxicity with rifampicin. Increased bioavailability of zidovudine with nimodipine. Increased incidences of headache with benzodiazepines. Possible increase in zidovudine concentration with methadone. Potentially Fatal: Avoid stavudine (due to inhibition of activation of stavudine), didanosine, ribavirin (antagonize effect of zidovudine), zalcitabine (inferior virological activity and a higher rate of side effects) with zidovudine. Increased risk of toxicity (e.g. hepatic decompensation, neutropenia) in patients with interferon alfa with or without ribavirin.