Aldosteronism Clinical features Causes and Treatment definition Aldosteronism is a syndrome with hypersecretion of mineralocorticoid aldosterone. Primary aldosteronism is excessive aldosterone production due to disease of adrenal glands. It is also called nodular hyperplasia or idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Nonsuppressible (primary) hypersecretion of aldosterone is a underdiagnosed cause of hypertension. There...
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LABORATORY TESTS FOR ADRENAL FUNCTION · Tests of pituitary adrenal responsiveness. · Suppression tests -are measurement of target hormone response after suppression of its tropic hormone. · Stimulation tests · Plasma ‘Levels of ACTH and angiotensin II. · Measurement of urinary free cortisol · Measurement of urinary creatinine · Measurement...
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Adrenal Gland Diseases 9V7GZUQ7PBG5 The adrenal cortex produces 3 steroids: 9V7GZUQ7PBG5 9V7GZUQ7PBG5 1. Glucocorticoids 2. Mineralocorticoids 3. Adrenal androgens The function of these steroids are: 1. Glucocorticoids – modulate intermediary metabolism and immune responses of the body. 2. Mineralocorticoids – Regulate blood pressure, vascular volume and electrolytes. 3. Adrenal androgens...
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Grave’s disease Grave’s disease is thyrotoxicosis, common in females, associated with high iodine intake, occurring between 20 – 50 years of age. Grave’s ophthalmopathy Besides the signs of thyrotoxicosis, there is Grave’s ophthalmopathy. decreased extraocular muscle mobility, and corneal injury, periorbital edema, periorbital and conjunctival inflammation, Ophthalmopathy associated with hyperthyroidism...
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Thyrotoxicosis is a state of thyroid hormone excess. Hyperthyroidism is excessive thyroid function. Hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis defines a spectrum of clinical findings consistent with thyroid hormone excess. Causes of Thyrotoxicosis Primary hyperthyroidism · Grave’s disease · Toxic multinodular goitre · Toxic adenoma · Thyroid carcinoma · Iodine excess (Jod-Basedow phenomenon)...
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Myxedema coma This is a state of hypothyroidism with altered consciousness or coma, sometimes seizures. There may be hypothermia. It is common in the elderly, and precipitated by seda-‘ tives, antidepressants, pneumonia, CHF, MI, cerebrovascular accidents. marked by neurological dysfunction, by respiratory depression, and by lowered body temperature, blood pressure,...
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What is HYPOTHYROIDISM ? Hypothyroidism is a state of deficient function of the thyroid gland i.e. deficient secretion of thyroid hormones. In hypothyroidism normal thyroid hormone levels are maintained by a rise in TSH. This is called subclinical hypothyroidism. Later free T4 level falls and TSH levels rise further. This...
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SIADH or Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (AVP) There is excessive secretion of AVP resulting in passage of decreased volume of highly concentrated urine. There is water retention and decrease in plasma sodium and plasma osmolarity. It is called dilutional hyponatraemia. It may be asymptomatic or there may be headache, confusion,...
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Diabetes insipidus (DI) Disorders of Neurohypophysis The neurohypophysis or posterior pituitary gland is made up of nerve tissues originating in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus. It produces 2 hormones: 1. AVP or arginine vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 2. Oxytocin AVP acts on renal tubules to absorb...
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Cushing’s Syndrome Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Cushing’s disease is a hormone disorder caused by high levels of cortisol in the blood disease in which there is excess ACTH secretion, by pituitary adenomas. Cushing’s syndrome is the signs and symptoms that result from prolonged exposure to excessive glucocorticoid hormones. Cushing’s...
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