Vascular Diseases of the Extremities PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE ,RISK FACTORS ,Clinical Features Symptoms , Physical signs with Pathology PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE Increased prevalence in patients of : condition that causes partial or complete obstruction of the flow of blood to or from the arteries or veins outside the chest. Diabetes...
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Pulmonary Edema Causes Diagnosis with Treatment Edema is defined as a palpable swelling produced by expansion of the interstitial fluid volume. When the left ventricle is not able to eject all the blood effectively there is pulmonary congestion, systemic hypoperfusion, and exudation of fluid and blood elements into the alveoli;...
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Dyslipidemias Causes Risk Factors Epidemiology Etiology It initiates atherosclerosis. It causes plaque formation. Alters endothelial functions. It enhances coagulability of blood. major classes of lipids are Chylomicrons Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) Intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) Low density lipoproteins (LDL) High density lipoproteins (HDL). Serum cholesterol >200 mg/dL (5.18 mmol/L):...
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Dyslipidemia in diabetes Signs Management with Drugs for diabetic dyslipidemics Dyslipidemia in diabetes Hypertriglyceridemia Reduced HDL cholesterol Small dense LDL particles: Highly atherogenic Easily glycated Susceptible to oxidation. Management of Dyslipidemia in diabetes · Lipids should be aggressively treated · Hyperglycemia should be strictly managed Grave cardiovascular risk in dyslipidemic...
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ADVICE TO DIABETICS AND CAD (CORONARY TERY DISEASE) PATIENTS Sodium reduction in diet Weight loss Combined weight loss and sodium reduction. Weight loss By exercise By diet control Drugs for obesity Lifestyle changes Control blood sugar Control blood pressure Control lipids. Dietary advice , Rich in fruits Rich in vegetables...
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Bronchial Asthma Etiology Pathogenesis Clinical features Treatment of Bronchial Asthma Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airways characterized by increased bronchial responses to a variety of stimuli. There is widespread narrowing of air passages which is relieved by therapy, or by itself. The typical clinical picture is paroxysms of...
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Some other COMPLICATIONS OF AMI AND TREATMENT ARRHYTHMIAS RECURRENT ANGINA PERICARDITIS THROMBOEMBOLISM LV ANEURYSM Other measures: – Control of Hypertension – Physical activity – Avoid physical emotional stress. – Cessation of smoking – Control of blood lipids AND OTHER COMPLICATIONS ARE complications-of-ami-and-treatment-1 1. COMPLICATIONS OF AMI ARRHYTHMIAS Ventricular premature...
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Unstable Angina Pathophysiology Definition STEMI and NSTEMI Unstable Angina Patients with ischemic heart disease can be divided into two groups: Patients with stable angina due to chronic coronary artery disease Patients with acute coronary syndrome Stable angina pectoris is characterized by chest pain or discomfort radiating to left...
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Atrial Septal Defect Clinical features Physical Exam with Treatment Ostium secundum atrial septal defect Most common is ostium secundumASD, located at mid interatrial septum. It is a simple and common type of ASD with shunt from LA to RA. Usually asymptomatic and acyanotic in children and young adults. Atrial...
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Sinus venosus defect AII the features are same as ostium secundum except that P waves are inverted in inferior leads, and right hilum in chest X-ray shows dilatation of lower portion of superior vena cava where it joins the right atrium. In the adult, it is incorporated into the wall...
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