Common atrioventricular canal defect or complete atrioventricular septal defect There is congestive heart failure in infancy. There may be cyanosis commonly. Isolated ASDs result from abnormal development of the septa that partition the common atrium of the developing heart into right and left chambers. There may be Down’s syndrome. There...
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Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) CLINICAL FEATURES General examination with Treatment There is a shunt from LV to RV due to a defect in the interventricular septum. VSD also occurs in combination with other congenital heart defects, as in an atrioventricular canal (AVC),transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA),tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)...
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Complications Clinical features and Diagnosis The ductus normally closes at birth. When the ductus remains patent then a left-to-right shunt exists between the aorta to the pulmonary arery. The ductus is attached to the aorta just after he origin of the left subclavian artery. he ductus...
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Eisenmenger syndrome (ASD, VSD, PDA With PAH with reversal of shunt – Right-to–Ieft shunt) Eisenmenger described a syndrome in which pulmonary vascular disease developed in patients with a nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect, There is cyanosis, JVP is normal, there is no parasternal heave, palpable pulmonary trunk in left second intercostal...
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Fallot’s Tetralogy Clinical features of Fallot’s Tetralogy Symptoms Complications WITH Treatment it is the commonest congenital cyanotic heart disease. This congenital heart disease consists of ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding of aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy. When there is moderate PS and small VSD, there is acyanotic Tetralogy of...
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AORTIC ANEURYSM Etiology Symptoms with Treatment Aneurysm is a pathological dilatation of a segment of vessel. An aneurysm affecting any part of the aorta from the aortic valve to the iliac arteries. True aneurysm involves all 3 layers of an artery or vein or heart. Pseudo aneurysm is a breakage...
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CLINICAL PRESENTATION Acute Myocardial Infarction is precipitated by exertion, exercise, emotional stress, medical and surgical disease and interventions. Circadian variation – AMI is more common in early morning hours due to increase in sympathetic tone and increased thrombolytic tendency from 4 to 12 AM. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the...
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CARDIAC MARKERS IN MI Serum proteins released in blood from necrotic heart muscles after AMI are called serum markers . Creatinine phosphokinase (CK) Rises in 4 – 8 hours. Returns to normal in 48 – 72 hours. CK increased in : IM injections Stroke Surgery Trauma Skeletal muscle...
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MANAGEMENT of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) MANAGEMENT Management involves Prompt attention and diagnosis. Reperfusion therapy Management of pain. MI is a medical emergency; Typical treatment for the patient includes: diagnosis and treatment should not be delayed. administering oxygen immediately, and giving aspirin and beta blockers, unless there are...
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REGIME FOR MANAGEMENT OF AMI Twelve lead ECG is done. Or If there is ST elevation more than 1 mm in any lead or 2 mm in V1′ V2 , In comparison, fibrinolytic therapy has largely not been effective in patients with a non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI) then reperfusion...
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