Sepsis (Septic Shock) CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS There is some primary infection or disease. Mild sepsis chan,ges to severe, and to septic shock. Patient may be hormo, hypo or hyper thermic i.e. fever normal, low or high Fever is absent in neonates, elderly, alcoholics and in uremia. Hyperventilation is early sign. Then...
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Sepsis (Septic Shock) Prognosis Prevention TREATMENT TREATMENT Sepsis (Septic Shock) Admit in ICU Treat local site of infection Monitor hemodynamics. Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation due to infection. There is a continuum of severity ranging from sepsis to severe sepsis and septic shock. Antimicrobial therapy in...
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Dialysis for Renal Failure Dialysis is a procedure for replacement of renal function to treat renal failure. Dialysis prolongs the life of ESRD (End Stage Renal Disease) patients. The leading causes of ESRD are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glomerular nephritis, polycystic kidney disease and obstructive uropathy. patients with acute renal failure...
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Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria > 3 to 3.5 g / 24 hrs., Associated with many types of kidney disease hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, Iipiduria, and hypercoagulability. Nephrotic syndrome is a disease of glomerular basement membrane, . podocyte-slit diaphragm. A condition marked by increased glomerular permeability to...
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Interstitial Lung Diseases A large group of diseases with different causes but with the same or similar clinical and pathological changes. The interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are diseases of lung parenchyma/ alveoli/ alveolar epithelium/ capillary endothelium/ and the spaces between These structures/ perivascular and Imphatic tissues. These are due to...
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism Pulmonary thromboembolism means the embolization and lodgment of thombi in the pulmonary vasculature. Predisposing factors PE refers to obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by material (eg, thrombus, tumor, air, or fat ) that originated elsewhere in the body. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is...
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Pneumothorax Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment with emergency what is pneumothorax pneumothorax is presence of air in pleural space. The gas enters as the result of a perforation through the chest wall (e.g., due to traumatic or iatrogenic injury) or the pleura (e.g., from the rupture of an emphysematous bleb or...
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Pleural Effusion pleural fluid Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment The pleural space lies between the lung and the chest wall between the 2 layers of pleura, the visceral and parietal pleura. Normally there is a thin layer of fluid in the pleural space. Pleural effusion is said to be present when...
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Sleep Disorders Disturbed sleep is one of the most common health problems. Average requirement of sleep is 7-8 hours per night. States and stages of sleep are defined by characteristic patterns in EEG (electro-encephalogram), EOG (Electrooculogram), EMG (Electromyogram) measured on the chin and neck. Polysomnography The continuous recording of...
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Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve Ebstein’s anomaly Physical examination with Clinical features Ebsetin’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve is a congenital heart disease in which the tricuspid valve is placed at a lower level so that there is atrialization of the rigFit ventricle. A congenital heart condition resulting from...
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