Ostium Primum ASD (Inter atrial communication) The opening in the first septum of the embryonic heart; it closes as the ventricles form. There is right to left shunt and mitral valve regurgitation. Symptoms occur in childhood itself with congestive heart failure and retarded growth and development. There is atrial fibrillation...
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PULMONARY INFILTRATES WITH EOSINOPHILIA Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis called eosinophilic pneumonias Characterized by eosinophilic infiltrates in lungs and Increased eosinophilic count in peripheral blood. Characterized by eosinophilic lung infiltrates, with or without peripheral blood eosinophilia Chronic or prolonged pulmonary eosinophilia Churg-Strauss syndrome (polyarteritis nodosa) or allergic angiitis: A rare necrotizing small-vessel vasculitis...
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HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME Differential History ,Diagnosis ,Pathophysiology ,Treatment Of HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME A persistently elevated eosinophil count >1,500 cells/µL for at least 6 months Eosinophil-induced end-organ damage Exclusion of other causes (e.g., parasitic infection, allergy, malignancy, collagen-vascular disease) Almost any organ can be affected, but most patients have bone marrow, cardiac,...
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Pneumonia Signs and Symptoms Pathophysiology Types of Pneumonia clinical presentation of childhood pneumonia often is dictated by the responsible pathogen, the particular host, and the severity of the pneumonia. Inflammation of the lungs, usually due to infection with bacteria, viruses, or other pathogenic organisms. Clinically, the term “pneumonia” is used...
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COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA community-acquired pneumonia: Pneumonia occurring in outpatients, often caused by infection with streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and atypical organisms. Mortality is approximately 15% but depends on many host and pathogen features History COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA Cough, fever, dyspnea, chills Chest pain (pleuritic or nonpleuritic) Thick, yellow-green, bloody...
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Treatment of Pneumonia ,INDICATIONS FOR HOSPITALIZATION in Pneumonia ,Resistant Pneumonia defined as an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma in a patient who has acquired the infection in the community, as distinguished from hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia, No comorbidities or recent antibiotic use and Comorbidities or recent antibiotic use Treatment according...
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SECONDARY HYPERTENSION Secondary hypertension is the name given to the hypertension of which the cause is known, and can be corrected in many cases to cure the hypertension. Renal hypertension : This is due to either renal seretion of vasoactive compounds resulting in increased arteriolar tone or volume expansion due...
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COMPLICATIONS / EFFECTS OF HYPERTENSI ON Heart The effects on the heart are Concentric LVH LV dilatation Heart failure Coronary atherosclerosis – angina and MI. Physical examination of the heart reveals: Cardiomegaly LVH s3 present Swmmation gallop. A2 loud Murmur of AR 54 present ECG LVH Changes of IHD...
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Hypertension with Diabetes Hypertension with Pregnancy Early treatment of hypertension is particularly important in diabetic patients both to prevent cardiovascular disease and to minimize progression of renal disease and diabetic retinopathy The ADVANCE trial was designed to evaluate the effect of intensive blood pressure and glycemic control on cardiovascular disease. Risk...
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CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE means congenital heart disease with cyanosis and clubbing Due to high pulmonary vascular resistance in fetus, pulmonary blood flow is very low – only 20% of fetal circulation. CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE A frequently used mnemonic is the...
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