Treatment of Pneumonia ,INDICATIONS FOR HOSPITALIZATION in Pneumonia ,Resistant Pneumonia defined as an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma in a patient who has acquired the infection in the community, as distinguished from hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia, No comorbidities or recent antibiotic use and Comorbidities or recent antibiotic use Treatment according...
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Bronchiectasis Signs and Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Bronchiectasis is an abnormal and permanent dilatation of bronchi. It may be focal or diffuse. Bronchiectasis is an irreversible dilation of one or more airways accompanied by recurrent transmural bronchial infection/inflammation and chronic mucopurulent sputum production. Generally classified into cystic fibrosis (CF) and noncystic...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully.reversible. The airflow limitation is usually both progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious (toxic) particles or gases. The Global initiative for Chronic...
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SECONDARY HYPERTENSION Secondary hypertension is the name given to the hypertension of which the cause is known, and can be corrected in many cases to cure the hypertension. Renal hypertension : This is due to either renal seretion of vasoactive compounds resulting in increased arteriolar tone or volume expansion due...
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COMPLICATIONS / EFFECTS OF HYPERTENSI ON Heart The effects on the heart are Concentric LVH LV dilatation Heart failure Coronary atherosclerosis – angina and MI. Physical examination of the heart reveals: Cardiomegaly LVH s3 present Swmmation gallop. A2 loud Murmur of AR 54 present ECG LVH Changes of IHD...
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DIAGNOSIS OF SECONDARY HYPERTENSION with Investigations nursing diagnosis for high blood pressure secondary hypertension differential diagnosis diagnosis high blood pressure Age of patients of secondary hypertension may be <25 or >50 years. Phaeochromoc toma and renovascular hypertensiof.l are t e likel causes. In phaeochromocytoma there is anxiety, headache, weight loss,...
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TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION Lifestyle modification For normal persons and prehypertensives life style modification is advised. For patients with compelling indications like heart failure, post MI, high coronary artery disease risk, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and recurrent strokes adequate drug treatment to keep the blood pressure < 130/80 is advisable for...
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Hypertension with Diabetes Hypertension with Pregnancy Early treatment of hypertension is particularly important in diabetic patients both to prevent cardiovascular disease and to minimize progression of renal disease and diabetic retinopathy The ADVANCE trial was designed to evaluate the effect of intensive blood pressure and glycemic control on cardiovascular disease. Risk...
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CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE means congenital heart disease with cyanosis and clubbing Due to high pulmonary vascular resistance in fetus, pulmonary blood flow is very low – only 20% of fetal circulation. CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE A frequently used mnemonic is the...
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CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES General defects structural problem in the heart Acyanotic congenital heart diseases with normal or decreased pulmonary arterial blood flow (no shunt). Left sided HEART Malformations or structural problem in the heart Cardiac mal positions – Dextrocardia etc. Congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries .(CTGA). Coarctation of aorta Mitral...
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