SINUS Bradycardia Bradyarrhythmia Symptoms Causes Diagnosis with Treatment

BRADYARRHYTHMIAS Sinus BRADYCARDIA

When the sinus rate is less tha – 60 beats per minute it is called sinus bradycardiaSinus Tachycardia and Sinus Bradycardia Definition Causes and Treatment. Read more ... »,Trained athletes and people doing hard labour, elderly individuals may have resting rate less than 50 beats per mmute.

SINUS Bradycardia Bradyarrhythmia SymptomsAcidosis & Alkalosis physiology with signs and symptoms. Read more ... » CausesAcidosis & Alkalosis physiology with signs and symptoms. Read more ... » DiagnosisAcidosis & Alkalosis physiology with signs and symptoms. Read more ... » with TreatmentAcidosis & Alkalosis physiology with signs and symptoms. Read more ... »

• The pacemaker of the heartInfective Endocarditis Causes of Infective Endocarditis TREATMENT of Infective Endocarditis. Read more ... » is the sinoatrial node (SA node).
• The SA node lies at the junction of right atrium and superior vena cava.
• The SA node is supplied by the sinus node artery which is a branch of right coronary artery.
• The impulse which arises from the SA node travels across the atrium to the AV node (atrioventricular node). The blood supply of the AV node is from the posterior descending coronary artery. The AV node lies at the base of the interatrial septum.
• The AV node has the property of slowing the conduction hence the PR interval seen in ECGInfective Endocarditis Causes of Infective Endocarditis TREATMENT of Infective Endocarditis. Read more ... ». From the AV node the impulse travel to the His bundle which is a continuation of the AV node.
• From the bundle of His the impulse travels across the membranous interventricular septum and divides into the left bundle branch and the right bundle branch.
• These right and left bundle branches divide into fine network of fibers throughout the endocardium of the ventricles. This network is called the His Purkinje systemAcidosis & Alkalosis physiology with signs and symptoms. Read more ... ».
• Stimulation of vagus depresses the automaticity of SA node, depresses the conduction and increases the refractOriness an pro ongs the conduction time of the tissues of atria and ventricles and AVnod~
• The SA node is the dominant pacemaker of the heart.
• During exercise the heart rate increases and during sleepSleep Disorders Types Diagnose Of Sleep Disorders. Read more ... » the heart rate decreases under autonomic influence. The normal heart rate is 60 to 100 beats per minute.

Sinus BRADYCARDIA –

SINUS Bradycardia Bradyarrhythmia Symptoms Causes Diagnosis with Treatment

• Sinus arrhythmiaSick Sinus Syndrome SSS Symptoms Causes Diagnosis with Treatment. Read more ... » often accompanies sinus bradycardia, but the P waves have a normal morphology unless atrial diseaseAcidosis & Alkalosis physiology with signs and symptoms. Read more ... » is present.
• A PR interval of up to 0.21 is normal in sinus bradycardia.
• When the sinus rate is less tha~60 beats per minute it is called sinus bradycardia.
• (Sinus tachycardia: When the sinus rate is more than100 beats per minute it is called sinus tachycardiaHyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) Acute Complication Of DM. Read more ... »
• Trained athletes and people doing hard labour, elderly individuals may have resting rate less than 50 beats per mmute.

CLINICALAcidosis & Alkalosis physiology with signs and symptoms. Read more ... » MANIFESTATIONS —

• Sinus bradycardia is usually asymptomatic.
• However, symptoms related to the slow heart rate can occur, including presyncope lightheadedness,or syncope, and worsening of angina pectoris or heart failureHeart Failure Causes Symptoms NYHA classification with Heart Failure Treatment. Read more ... ».
• which is frequently ascribed to aging rather than bradycardia.
• Symptoms may be subtle, with many patients noting only fatigueFatigue diagnosis medicine and treatment. Read more ... »,

Causes of Sinus node disease

• 1. Ischemia of sinus node
• 2. Degenerative diseases
• 3. Senile amyloidosisAmyloidosis Symptoms Diagnosis Prognosis and Treatment. Read more ... »
• 4. HypothyroidismHypopituitarism Diagnosis and Treatment. Read more ... »
• 5. Advanced liver disease
• 6. Hypothermia
• 7. Typhoid feverThyrotoxic crisis or Thyroid storm. Read more ... »
• 8. Brucelosis
• 9. Hypoxia, hypercapnia, acedemia
• 10. AcuteAcidosis & Alkalosis physiology with signs and symptoms. Read more ... » hypertensionMyxedema coma Diagnosis and Treatment. Read more ... »
• 11. Vasovagal syncope
• 12. Drugs like digitalis, beta blockersMANAGEMENT of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) -1. Read more ... », calcium channel blockers, amiodarone etc.

Sinus BRADYCARDIA TREATMENT —

• Treatment is not indicated in asymptomatic patients with sinus bradycardia.
• Search for a medication that may be depressing sinus node function.
• The following approach should be followed when symptoms occur.
• Sympatholytic agents should not be discontinued abruptly, because a withdrawal syndrome may be seen characterized by severe hypertension and, with abrupt beta blocker withdrawal, the precipitation of angina.
• As an example, a beta blocker,calcium channel blocker,nondihydropyridine or sympathetic blocker can be replaced in hypertensive patients with drugs that do not affect SA node function, such as an ACE inhibitor.
• when the SA node is depressed by excessive parasympathomimetic activity or possibly ischemia.
• the SA node rate generally increases after the administration of a vagolytic drugAcidosis & Alkalosis physiology with signs and symptoms. Read more ... », such as atropine  .
• Pharmacologic therapy may be important in an acute myocardial infarctionAcute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Causes PATHOPHYSIOLOGY and Etiology. Read more ... » ,
• Long-term pharmacologic therapy is largely ineffective in chronicChronic Hepatitis Classification viral hepatitis Clinical features and Treatment. Read more ... » sinus bradycardia.
• Temporary pacing is rarely necessary.