ACTH DEFICIENCY ACTH SYNTHESIS — POMC also contains the sequences for other hormonal peptides, including the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSHs) lipotropins (LPHs), and beta-endorphin (beta-END) ACTH is synthesized as part of a large precursor (241 amino acids in humans) called proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Adrenal insufficiency secondary to ACTH deficiency is due to...
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DISORDERS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Growth is dependent on GH, IGF, sex steroids, thyroid hormones, paracrine growth factors and cytokines. Growth also requires caloric energy, amino acids, vitamins and trace metals. Short stature results due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors which impair growth. Growth GHD Causes may be : Most common...
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HYPOTHALAMIC, PITUITARY AND OTHER SELLAR MASSES Pituitary tumors , Pituitary adenomas : Commonest tumors are pituitary adenomas. These are benign and their features depend on the cell type from which they occur. They may arise from PRL, GH, ACTH, TSH, LH and FSH producing cells r;esulting in features of hypersecretion of...
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PRESENTATIONS OF HYPOPITUITARISM This depends on the hormones which are deficient. GH deficiency causes growth disorder and abnormal body structure. Gonadotrophin deficiency causes infertility, menstrual and sexual dysfunction and loss of secondary sexual characteristics in men. TSH and ACTH deficiency cause growth retardation, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency. Mineralocorticoid action is retained....
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Disorders of Anterior PituitaryHormones The anterior pituitary is called the master gland be , it regulates the function of most other endocrine organs. The anterior pituitary gla’nd produces 6 major hormones. 1, Prolactin (PRL) 2. Growth hormone (GH) 3. Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) 4. Luteinizing hormone (LH) 5. Follicle stimulating hormone...
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How does AYURVED help in IMPROVEMENT of CANCER PATIENTS There are many diseases that torment and victimize mankind but non-can compare in importance with Cancer. It is undoubtedly the most terror striking of all ills and inflicts unspeakable aging on the sufferer. One of the reasons for this horror of...
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Glycogen Storage Diseases Carbohydrate metabolism provides energy for metabolic functions of cell. Metabolism of glucose generates ATP by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Any one of several heritable diseases characterized by the abnormal storage and accumulation of glycogen in the tissues, esp. in the liver Dietary sources of glucose: · Polysaccharide...
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Porphyrias The porphyrias are inherited disorders. porphyrias are metabolic disorders caused by altered activities of enzymes within the heme biosynthetic pathway Acute intermittent porphyria: Pyrroloporphyria; neuropsychiatric–abdominal -Aminolevulinic aciduria; neuropsychiatric–abdominal Congenital erythropoietic porphyria: Günther disease; severe dermatologic Hereditary coproporphyria: Neuropsychiatric, occasionally dermatologic Other rare genetic variants reported Porphobilinogen synthetase deficiency: Porphyria...
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Disease of Joints and Musculoskeletal Disorders OSTEOARIRITIS Also called degenerative joint disease. Hip osteoarthritis is more common in men and small joints and knee OA is more common in women. There is damage to cartilage, remodeling and hypertrophy of bone. There is bone and muscle wasting. OSTEOARIRITIS Clinical Features ·...
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Amyloidosis Amyloidosis is deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils in extracellular spaces of organ and tissues due to abnormal protein folding. metabolic disorders resulting from the insidious deposition of protein-containing fibrils (amyloid) in tissues, diseases characterized by extracellular deposition of insoluble protein fibrils in organs and tissues clinical manifestations of amyloidosis...
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