Glomerular Diseases The glomerulus is a modified capillary network which delivers an ultrafiltrate to Bowman’s space. The Bowman space continues as the renal tubule. The glpmerular filtration rate or GFR is dependent on glomerular blood flow and ultrafiltration pressure and filtration surface i.e. mesangial cells. Glomerulonephritis or glomerulopathy means glomerular...
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Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria > 3 to 3.5 g / 24 hrs., Associated with many types of kidney disease hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, Iipiduria, and hypercoagulability. Nephrotic syndrome is a disease of glomerular basement membrane, . podocyte-slit diaphragm. A condition marked by increased glomerular permeability to...
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Dialysis for Renal Failure Dialysis is a procedure for replacement of renal function to treat renal failure. Dialysis prolongs the life of ESRD (End Stage Renal Disease) patients. The leading causes of ESRD are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glomerular nephritis, polycystic kidney disease and obstructive uropathy. patients with acute renal failure...
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Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) OR CRD/CKD Chronic renal disease is a destruction of nephrons of the kidneys due to several causes. The damage to renal structure and function is irr versib This results in uremia which leads to dysfunction of several organs. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as kidney...
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Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Acute renal failure due to intratubular crystal precipitation can be seen in a variety of clinical settings, the most common being acute uric acid nephropathy Acute renal failure (ARF) is defined as a sudden decrease of normal kidney function that compromises the normal renal regulation of...
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Sepsis (Septic Shock) Prognosis Prevention TREATMENT TREATMENT Sepsis (Septic Shock) Admit in ICU Treat local site of infection Monitor hemodynamics. Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation due to infection. There is a continuum of severity ranging from sepsis to severe sepsis and septic shock. Antimicrobial therapy in...
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Sepsis (Septic Shock) CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS There is some primary infection or disease. Mild sepsis chan,ges to severe, and to septic shock. Patient may be hormo, hypo or hyper thermic i.e. fever normal, low or high Fever is absent in neonates, elderly, alcoholics and in uremia. Hyperventilation is early sign. Then...
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Cardiac Arrest Death is an irreversible cessation (stoppage) of all biologic functions. Cardiac arrest is an abrupt cessation of cardiac pump function which may be reversible by prompt intervention; otherwise it leads to certain death. Cardiac arrest is due to ventricular fibrillation in 80% of cases. Rest are due to...
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Sepsis & Septic Shock Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation due to infection. Whenever there is infection there is a reaction from host involving various responses. Systemic responses to infection: · Fever · Hypothermia · Tachypnea · Tachycardia. Sepsis DEFINITIONS There is a continuum of severity ranging...
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Shock Shock is a clinical syndrome due to inadequate tissue perfusion. A clinical syndrome marked by inadequate perfusion and oxygenation of cells, tissues, and organs, usually as a result of marginal or markedly lowered blood pressure. Shock is the physiologic state characterized by significant reduction of systemic tissue perfusion, resulting...
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