Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Symptoms Treatment Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBs) is a gastrointestinal disorder without any structural pathology, characterized by pain in abdomen, and constipation and diarrhea. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal syndrome characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the...
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Intestinal Obstruction Intestinal obstruction may be mechanical or non mechanical Mechanical obstruction may be adhesions, hernias, diverticulitis, carcinoma, regional enteritis, gall stone obstruction, intussusception. Non-mechanical may be neuromuscular disturbances leading to ileus. Obstruction may occur in small intestine or large intestine. Small intestine obstructions are due to adhesions and hernias....
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CONSTIPATION Causes Risk Factors and Constipation Treatment Management CONSTIPATION Constipation is a decrease in frequency of passage of stools to less than 3 per week, passage of hard stools, with straining, abdominal fullness and a sense of incomplete evacuation. hard stools, excessive straining, prolonged time spent on the toilet, a...
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Inflammatory Bowel Disease (I BD) is an idiopathic and chronic intestinal inflammation. It is of 2 major types : Ulcerative colitis UC) Crohn’s diseas (C.D) The factors associated with increased incidence of IBD are smoking, oral contraceptive, family history, genetic predisposition, hypogammaglobulinaemia, emotional stress. The term for...
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Diarrhea Causes Diagnosis Symptoms Treatment Diarrhea Diarrhea is passage of abnormally liquid or unformed stools at an increased frequency. The following definitions have been suggested according to the duration of diarrhea Acute — ≤ 14 days in duration Persistent diarrhea — more than 14 days in duration Chronic — more...
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Peptic Ulcer Peptic Ulcer Causes Examination Diagnosis and Treatment An ulcer is a disruption of mucosal lining of stomach and or duodenum due to active inflammation. Ulcers are usually chronic in nature. Peptic ulcer disease is a common illness, affecting about 10% of men and 5% of women during their...
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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and Pyelonephritis Urinary Tract infections may be : 1. Lower tract infection – Urethritis and cystitis 2. Upper tract infection – Acute pyelonephritis, prostatitis, intrarenal and perinephric abscesses. Acute pyelonephritis is a syndrome caused by an infection of the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis, often producing localized...
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Vascular Diseases of the Kidney Regular and appropriate blood supply to the glomerular capillary network is essential for the proper function of the kidneys. If the blood supply to the kidney is hampered, there is fluid and salt disturbance in the body. Vascular diseases of the kidney are: 1. Atherosclerosis...
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Tubulointerstitial Diseases of the Kidney Primary tubulointerstitial diseases of the kidneyare characterized by abnormalities of structure and function of tubules and the interstitium. The glomeruli and renal vasculature are involved to a Jesser extent. The biopsy specimens and the urine sediments do not help in diagnosis. Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN)...
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Tubular Diseases of the Kidney The tubular diseases of the kidney have various presentations. POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease This is a relatively common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The kidneys are enlarged with multiple cysts. The cysts contain straw-colored or hemorrhagic fluid. The cysts are...
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