Management of COPD Assess and monitor the disease Prevention of risk factors Treatment of COPO Treatment of exacerbations Diagnosis of COPD is considered in any patient with Chronic central cyanosis occurs in advanced stages of COPD and may be aggravated by exertion. Examination reveals wheezing and hyperresonant lung fields. cough,...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully.reversible. The airflow limitation is usually both progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious (toxic) particles or gases. The Global initiative for Chronic...
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Bronchiectasis Signs and Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Bronchiectasis is an abnormal and permanent dilatation of bronchi. It may be focal or diffuse. Bronchiectasis is an irreversible dilation of one or more airways accompanied by recurrent transmural bronchial infection/inflammation and chronic mucopurulent sputum production. Generally classified into cystic fibrosis (CF) and noncystic...
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Treatment of Pneumonia ,INDICATIONS FOR HOSPITALIZATION in Pneumonia ,Resistant Pneumonia defined as an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma in a patient who has acquired the infection in the community, as distinguished from hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia, No comorbidities or recent antibiotic use and Comorbidities or recent antibiotic use Treatment according...
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COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA community-acquired pneumonia: Pneumonia occurring in outpatients, often caused by infection with streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and atypical organisms. Mortality is approximately 15% but depends on many host and pathogen features History COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA Cough, fever, dyspnea, chills Chest pain (pleuritic or nonpleuritic) Thick, yellow-green, bloody...
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Pneumonia Signs and Symptoms Pathophysiology Types of Pneumonia clinical presentation of childhood pneumonia often is dictated by the responsible pathogen, the particular host, and the severity of the pneumonia. Inflammation of the lungs, usually due to infection with bacteria, viruses, or other pathogenic organisms. Clinically, the term “pneumonia” is used...
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Environmental Lung Diseases (Pneumoconiosis) Invironmental lung diseases are certain pulmonary diseases for which environmental exposure or occupational conditions are responsible. asbestos lung, asbestos lung cancer, asbestos lung disease, asbestos lung mesothelioma, Mineral dust may give rise to restrictive lung diseases. There may be bronchial asthma called occupational asthma in which there is obstructive...
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HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME Differential History ,Diagnosis ,Pathophysiology ,Treatment Of HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME A persistently elevated eosinophil count >1,500 cells/µL for at least 6 months Eosinophil-induced end-organ damage Exclusion of other causes (e.g., parasitic infection, allergy, malignancy, collagen-vascular disease) Almost any organ can be affected, but most patients have bone marrow, cardiac,...
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PULMONARY INFILTRATES WITH EOSINOPHILIA Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis called eosinophilic pneumonias Characterized by eosinophilic infiltrates in lungs and Increased eosinophilic count in peripheral blood. Characterized by eosinophilic lung infiltrates, with or without peripheral blood eosinophilia Chronic or prolonged pulmonary eosinophilia Churg-Strauss syndrome (polyarteritis nodosa) or allergic angiitis: A rare necrotizing small-vessel vasculitis...
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Ostium Primum ASD (Inter atrial communication) The opening in the first septum of the embryonic heart; it closes as the ventricles form. There is right to left shunt and mitral valve regurgitation. Symptoms occur in childhood itself with congestive heart failure and retarded growth and development. There is atrial fibrillation...
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