Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve Ebstein’s anomaly Physical examination with Clinical features Ebsetin’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve is a congenital heart disease in which the tricuspid valve is placed at a lower level so that there is atrialization of the rigFit ventricle. A congenital heart condition resulting from...
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Examination and Investigations of CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Collateral circulation / anastomoses in coarctation of aorta Examination of precordium : A systolic thrill may be felt in the suprasternal notch. There is a heaving left ventricular apical impulse due to pressure overload of LV....
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CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Coarctation of the Aorta Clinical features coarctation of aorta means a narrowing of the aorta just distal to left subclavian artery, proximal (preductal) or distal (post ductal) to insertion of ductus arteriosus. A narrowing (discrete or of varying lengths) of the aorta at any point but usually...
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CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES General defects structural problem in the heart Acyanotic congenital heart diseases with normal or decreased pulmonary arterial blood flow (no shunt). Left sided HEART Malformations or structural problem in the heart Cardiac mal positions – Dextrocardia etc. Congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries .(CTGA). Coarctation of aorta Mitral...
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CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE means congenital heart disease with cyanosis and clubbing Due to high pulmonary vascular resistance in fetus, pulmonary blood flow is very low – only 20% of fetal circulation. CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE A frequently used mnemonic is the...
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Hypertension with Diabetes Hypertension with Pregnancy Early treatment of hypertension is particularly important in diabetic patients both to prevent cardiovascular disease and to minimize progression of renal disease and diabetic retinopathy The ADVANCE trial was designed to evaluate the effect of intensive blood pressure and glycemic control on cardiovascular disease. Risk...
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TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION Lifestyle modification For normal persons and prehypertensives life style modification is advised. For patients with compelling indications like heart failure, post MI, high coronary artery disease risk, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and recurrent strokes adequate drug treatment to keep the blood pressure < 130/80 is advisable for...
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DIAGNOSIS OF SECONDARY HYPERTENSION with Investigations nursing diagnosis for high blood pressure secondary hypertension differential diagnosis diagnosis high blood pressure Age of patients of secondary hypertension may be <25 or >50 years. Phaeochromoc toma and renovascular hypertensiof.l are t e likel causes. In phaeochromocytoma there is anxiety, headache, weight loss,...
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Endocrine Hypertension adrenal Hypertension primary hyperaldosteronism there is sodium retention ion with loss of potassium. So there is natremia and hypokalemia with hypertension. diagnosis is by serum K+ level estimation. hyperaldosteronism may be due to a tumor Iateral adrenal hyperplasia. The tumor may be removed and the hypertension curable. diseasese...
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COMPLICATIONS / EFFECTS OF HYPERTENSI ON Heart The effects on the heart are Concentric LVH LV dilatation Heart failure Coronary atherosclerosis – angina and MI. Physical examination of the heart reveals: Cardiomegaly LVH s3 present Swmmation gallop. A2 loud Murmur of AR 54 present ECG LVH Changes of IHD...
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