PRESENTATIONS OF ischemic heart disease (IHD) Angina pectoris, acute MI or death may be the First presentation of IHD. Stable Angina Pectoris stable angina pectoris is chest pain due to coronary :; ischemia which is of very short duration and easily -relieved (within 5-10 minutes) by simple measures like rest....
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Ischemic Heart Disease Physical Examination Lab Examination and Family history of premature IHD Unstable Angina Unstable angina is angina pectoris with typical character of pain but certain atypical features like: It occurs at rest and lasts more than 10 minutes .2/. It is of new onset within...
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Stress Testing (TMT – Treadmill stress test) It is the best test for angina. 12 – lead ECG is recorded before, during, and after exercise on a bicycle or treadmill ergometer. Patient’s ECG, arm blood pressure, heart rate, symptoms are monitored and the work load is gradually increased. Exercise...
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Coronary Arteriography (Angiography) Radio-opaque dye is injected into a peripheral artery and coronary arteries are visualized for any obstructive atherosclerotic lesions. cardiac catheterization was primarily a diagnostic procedure that was used to evaluate ventricular function, and coronary anatomy hemodynamics,. diagnostic catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are done by...
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2D echocardiography Doppler echocardiography A noninvasive diagnostic method that uses ultrasound to visualize cardiac structures. Shows global or RWMA (Regional Wall Motion Abnormality) in infarction and ischemia. in which dobutamine is given to patients to increase the workload of the heart, and then the heart is evaluated with ultrasonic...
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Acute Myocardial Infarction AMI Causes PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Atherosclerosis and Etiology Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may present as unstable angina (no ST segment elevation), or acute myocardial infarction. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) implies irreversible damage to the myocardium. MI Causes usually occurs when an atheromatous plaque in a coronary artery ruptures, and...
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Acute Myocardial Infarction CLINICAL PRESENTATION Acute Myocardial Infarction is precipitated by exertion, exercise, emotional stress, medical and surgical disease and interventions. Circadian variation – AMI is more common in early morning hours due to increase in sympathetic tone and increased thrombolytic tendency from 4 to 12 AM. Acute Myocardial...
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Flax Alsi Atasi ATASI (Seed) (binomial name: Linum usitatissimum) (also known as common flax or linseed) Linseed oil Linum usitatissimum Ayurvedic Medicine of Kustha, Prameha, Flax Alsi Atasi Linum usitatissimum Flax fibers Atasi consists of dried, ripe seeds of Linum usitatissimum Linn. (Fam. Linaceae), Flax Alsi Atasi Linum usitatissimum Flax fibers are...
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Aortic Regurgitation SYMPTOMS of Aortic Regurgitation Aortic Regurgitation PHYSICAL FINDINGS Aortic Regurgitation TREATMENT Aortic Regurgitation or aortic incompetence is a regurgitation of blood into the left ventricle during diastole due to defective closure of the aortic valve. A backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the...
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Tricuspid Stenosis and Tricuspid Regurgitation Symptoms of Tricuspid Stenosis and Tricuspid Regurgitation with Physical findings Treatment Tricuspid stenosis is an uncommon valvular abnormality that most commonly occurs in association with other valvular lesions. Regurgitation caused not by valvular disorder but by dilatation of ventricles, the great vessels,...
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