How to Diagnose Different Types of Sleep Disorders sleep disorder: Any condition that interferes with sleep, excluding environmental factors such as noise, excess heat or cold, movement (as on a train, bus, or ship), travel through time zones, or change in altitude. Classifies sleep disorders into eight major categories: Insomnia...
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Diabetes mellitus Overview Types Causes,Symptoms with Diagnosis Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders with hyperglycemia. Glucose intolerance is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in glucose and fat metabolism. Overt diabetes is classified as type 1 (T1DM), type 2 (T2DM), and gestational (GDM) A chronic metabolic disorder marked...
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INSULIN RESISTANCE SYNDROMES or Syndrome X Overview (metabolic syndrome)- consists of : Insulin resistance Hypertension Dyslipidemias Obesity – central Endothelial dysfunction Accelerated cardiovascular disease. The co-occurrence of metabolic risk factors for both type 2 diabetes and CVD (abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemias, and hypertension) suggested the existence of a “metabolic syndrome” ...
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ACUTE COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS (DKA) DKA is characterized by the triad of hyperglycemia, anion gap metabolic acidosis, and ketonemia. Metabolic acidosis is often the major finding. The serum glucose concentration is usually greater than 500 mg/dL (27.8 mmol/L) and less than 800 mg/dL (44.4 mmol/L) . However, serum glucose...
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CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS COMMON DISEASES DUE TO DM HYPERGLYCEMIA AND MICROVASCULAR DISEASE — Hyperglycemia is an important risk factor for the development of microvascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, as it is in patients with type 1 diabetes. Chronic Long-term complications result in morbidity and mortality. Children...
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Grave’s disease Grave’s disease is thyrotoxicosis, common in females, associated with high iodine intake, occurring between 20 – 50 years of age. Grave’s ophthalmopathy Besides the signs of thyrotoxicosis, there is Grave’s ophthalmopathy. decreased extraocular muscle mobility, and corneal injury, periorbital edema, periorbital and conjunctival inflammation, Ophthalmopathy associated with hyperthyroidism...
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Thyrotoxic crisis or thyroid storm It is a life-threatening hyperthyroidism with fever, seizures, coma, vomiting, diarrhoea, jaundice. A rare but often life-threatening medical emergency resulting from untreated hyperthyroidism Death can occur due to cardiac failure, arrhythmias, hyperthermia. Thyrotoxic crisis Symptoms include : — and fingernails may separate from the nail...
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GOITER of THYROID Acute thyroiditis is an inflammatory condition of thyroid due to suppurative infection. enlarged thyroid gland may be caused by thyroiditis, benign thyroid nodules, malignancy, iodine deficiency, or any condition that causes hyperfunction or hypofunction of the gland Types of GOITER aberrant goiter: A supernumerary goiter. acute goiter:...
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Cushing’s Syndrome Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Cushing’s disease is a hormone disorder caused by high levels of cortisol in the blood disease in which there is excess ACTH secretion, by pituitary adenomas. Cushing’s syndrome is the signs and symptoms that result from prolonged exposure to excessive glucocorticoid hormones. Cushing’s...
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Thyroid Disorders Thyroid gland produces 2 hormones – Thyroxine or T4 and Triiodothyronine or T3. Functions of the thyroid hormones are: · They help in cell differentiation · Maintain temperature and metabolism. Disorders of Thyroid are due to 1. Overproduction ofthyroid hormone – Thyrotoxicosis 2. Decreased production of thyroid hormone...
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