Details Descriptions About :: Sprains

 A sprain is a complete or incomplete tear of the supporting ligaments surrounding a joint when a joint is forced beyond its normal range of motion. Joint dislocations and fractures may accompany a severe sprain. The ankle is the most commonly sprained joint. Finger, wrist, knee, and shoulder sprains are also common.

Causes for Sprains

Causes Falls Motor vehicle accidents Sports injuries

Pathophysiology Sprains

Pathophysiology A ligament may tear at any point along the ligament itself or at its attachment to bone (with or without avulsion of bone). Bleeding and formation of hematoma are followed by formation of an inflammatory exudate and development of granulation tissue. Collagen formation begins 4 to 5 days after the injury, eventually organizing fibers parallel to the lines of stress. However, swelling, stretching, or impinging on nerves or vessels around the joint may cause neurovascular compromise. Further reorganization results in eventual strengthening of the damaged ligament, although persistent laxity may result in chronic joint instability.

Signs and symptoms Sprains

Signs and symptoms Localized pain (especially during joint movement) and tenderness Swelling and warmth Progressive loss of motion Ecchymosis Clinical Tip Sprains are graded according to the degree of swelling and instability: Grade I—stable, minimal swelling Grade II—moderate instability and swelling Grade III—gross instability, extensive swelling, and ecchymosis.

Diagnostic Lab Test results

Diagnostic test results Stress radiography visualizes the injury in motion. X-ray confirms damage to ligaments.

Treatment for Sprains

Treatment Elevate the joint above the level of the heart for 48 to 72 hours (immediately after the injury) Intermittent ice packs for 12 to 48 hours Immobilizer or splint during acute phase (up to 1 week) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics Early range-of-motion exercise as tolerated Acute surgical repair if indicated—notably, for ulnar collateral ligament of thumb, multiple ligament injuries of the knee or elbow due to dislocation Late surgical reconstruction if indicated for chronic instability of shoulder, knee, ankle

Disclaimer ::

The Information available on this site is for only Informational Purpose , before any use of this information please consult your Doctor .Price of the drugs indicated above may not match to real price due to many possible reasons may , including local taxes etc.. These are only approximate indicative prices of the drug.