Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar vector-borne disease by protozoa called Leish­mania Diagnosis Treatment

 all about Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar Diagnosis signs and symptoms

• with treatmentAjagandha Cleome gynandra strong smelling Ayurvedic medicine for kandu, asthila (prostate). Read more ... » and classification of Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar

 

Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar DiagnosisAjagandha Cleome gynandra strong smelling Ayurvedic medicine for kandu, asthila (prostate). Read more ... » signsAjagandha Cleome gynandra strong smelling Ayurvedic medicine for kandu, asthila (prostate). Read more ... » and symptomsAjagandha Cleome gynandra strong smelling Ayurvedic medicine for kandu, asthila (prostate). Read more ... » with treatment

• Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar is a diseaseAjagandha Cleome gynandra strong smelling Ayurvedic medicine for kandu, asthila (prostate). Read more ... » caused by protozoa called Leish­mania.
• Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar is a vector-borne diseaseFILARIASIS Lymphatic Systems Disease Causes Diagnosis Signs and Symptoms with Treatment. Read more ... ».
• Rodents are reservoir hosts and humans are inciden­tal hosts for Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar .

Types Classification of Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar –

 

Types Classification of Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar Visceral Leishmaniasi

Types Classification of Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar Visceral Leishmaniasi

 

1. Visceral Leishmaniasis -

 

• due to infection of macrophages in reticuloendothelial systemAjagandha Cleome gynandra strong smelling Ayurvedic medicine for kandu, asthila (prostate). Read more ... » by Leishmania donovani.

Classification of Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Classification of Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis -

 

• due to infection of macrophages in skin by Leishmania mexicana.

Mucosal Leishmaniasis Classification of Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar

Mucosal Leishmaniasis Classification of Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar

 

3. Mucosal Leishmaniasis

• due to infection of nasopharyngeal mucosa by Leishmania amazonensis.

Etiology of Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar –

 

• Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania or Viannia.

Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania or Viannia

 

• The female sand fly (Phlebotomus) bites the host and injects promastigotes which enter the macrophages.

The female sand fly (Phlebotomus)

• They multiply, and when the macrophages rupture, amastigotes are liberated into the blood which are again ingested by sandflies.
• and the life cycle of Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar will continue to next to next.

life cycle of Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar

 

Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis –

• The amastigotes can be seen under the microscope in a thin smear or histology section.
• Skin testing for delayed type hypersensitivity reac­tions are also useful.

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Visceral Leishmaniasis –

• Visceral Leishmaniasis  Occurs through bite of sandfly, by blood transfusion, or needle sharing. The disease may be acuteAjagandha Cleome gynandra strong smelling Ayurvedic medicine for kandu, asthila (prostate). Read more ... », sub­acute or chronicChronic Hepatitis Classification viral hepatitis Clinical features and Treatment. Read more ... ».
• Incubation period of Visceral Leishmaniasis  may be weeks, months or years. This disease is also called Kala-azar or Black feverHow to Manage Hay Fever at Home. Read more ... » as the patients appear grey.
• There is fever, splenomegaly, hepatomegalyAlcoholic Liver Disease Diagnosis CAGE criteria and Treatment. Read more ... », periph­eral lymphadenopathy. Spleen may be very big, soft and non-tender.
• There is pancytopenia – anaemia, leukopenia, lym­phocytosis, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hypergammaglobulinaemia, hypoalbuminemia.
• Some patients may have dermal leishmaniasis in Kala­azar.

Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis –

• Parasites may be seen in peripheral smear, tissue aspirates, biopsy specimen of spleen, liver, bone­marrow or lymph node.
• Presence of Visceral Leishmaniasis is seen as a nucleus and a kinetoplast (extra nuclear DNA) called LD bodies, which is very typical of kala-azar.
• Patients of florid kala-azar have high titers of LD an­tibodies (Leishmanin or Montenegro test). ,

Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar Treatment –

• Pentavalent antimonial compound – 20 mgjkg daily for 28 days.
• Amphotericin B – 15 to 20 mgjkg daily.
• r;.-/ Paromom cin (amino I coside – 15 to 20 mgj kg daily for 21 days.
• Miltefosine – Dose 50-100 mg daily for 28 days. Visceral leishmaniasis is common in persons with HIVAIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Diagnosis Signs and Symptoms with Treatment. Read more ... » and need HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy).

Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

 

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis -

• incubation period is from weeks to months.
• There is a papule at the site of bite, and lymphaden­opathy.
• There may be change of papule to nodule and ulcer­ative lesion with central depression and raised bor­der several cms. in size.
• in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Satellite lesions and secondary bacterial infection may occur.

Treatment  Cutaneous Leishmaniasis  –

• Amphotericin B
• Miltefosine

Mucosal Leishmaniasis

Mucosal Leishmaniasis –

• Mucosal Leishmaniasis Nasopharyngeal mucosa is infected and is quite dis­figuring.
• Mucosal Leishmaniasis is caused by Viannia. There are persistent nasal symptoms, and epistaxis.

Treatment of Mucosal Leishmaniasis –

• Amphotericin,
• Antimonial compounds
• and glucocorticoidsAdrenal Gland Steroids. Read more ... ».