ECHINOCOCCOSIS OR HYDATID DISEASE Infection in humans is caused by larva of Echinococcus granulosus. The definitive hosts are dogs. ECHINOCOCCOSIS OR HYDATID DISEASE Infection in humans Eggs’are passed in the faeces of dogs. Cysts develop in man after ingestion of eggs. HYDATID DISEASE Infection in humans is caused by larva of Echinococcus...
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CESTODES (Tape Worms) TAENIA SAGINATA ,TAENIA SOLIUM ,Neurologic manifestations of cysticercii (neurocysticercosis) Tapeworms, or cestodes, are hermaphroditic flatworm parasites, which can live as parasitic adults in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Cysticercosis is caused by the larval stage (metacestode) of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. A genus of tapeworms,...
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TRICHURIS TRICHURA (WHIP WORM) ,ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS (PIN WORM OR THREAD WORM) Diagnosis and Treatment TRICHURIS TRICHURA (WHIP WORM) It is found worldwide. Two of the most common nematode infections worldwide are pinworm, which is caused by Enterobius vermicularis, and whipworm, which is caused by Trichuris trichiura Trichuris Trichura Whip Worm...
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ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE, NECATOR and STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS Hookworm infections are common in the tropics and subtropics, Species of hookworm that commonly infests humans, causing ancylostomiasis; widely found in temperate regions. Ancylostoma caninum and Ancylostoma braziliense: Species of hookworm that infests dogs and cats and may cause cutaneous larva migrans in humans. ...
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Intestinal Nematodes Infaction ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES Ascaris lumbricoides is a species of Ascaris that lives in the human intestine and adults may grow to 12 in. long. Eggs are passed with the feces and require at least 2 weeks’ incubation in the soil before they become infective Ascaris lumbricoides, an intestinal roundworm,...
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Helminthic Infections Cestodes NEMATODES (Round Worms) Cestodes NEMATODES (Round Worms) Nematodes are elongated and symmetrical round worms. They are classified as intestinal or tissue nematodes. Helminthic Infections Tissue Nematodes TRICHINELLOSIS It develops after ingestion of meat containing cysts of Trichinella, like pork or other meat. Infections are usually mild and asymptomatic. Heavy...
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Fungal Infections Superficial fungal infections and Systemic fungal infections Superficial fungal infections are caused by numerousfungi that are capable of superficially invadingthe following: ▪ Skin , Nail apparatus▪ ,Mucosal sites, Oropharynx• Hair/hair follicles, Anogenitalia, Epidermis, These fungi are commensural organisms thatfrequently colonize normal epithelium. • Dermatophytes, Candida species, Malassezia species, Infections...
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Chikungunya Virus Infection An alphavirus, typically found inSoutheast Asia, or Africa that can be transmitted to humans by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. After an incubation period of about a week, headache, nausea, vomiting, the virus produces high fevers, and severe joint pain, usually in the wrists or ankles. Chikungunya Virus Infection Chikungunya...
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Rabies Rabies is also called hydrophobia Incubation period is long Diagnosis Signs and symptoms with treatment Rabies is a preventable zoonotic disease . A fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by the rabies virus. The etiologic agents are neurotropic RNA viruses belonging to the Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus...
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RUBELLA OR GERMAN MEASLES and CHICKENPOX and SMALLPOX Causative agents Diagnosis Clinical Signs and Symptoms With Treatment RUBELLA OR GERMAN MEASLES RUBELLA OR GERMAN MEASLES Acute mild infection of children. There is low grade fever, lymphadenopathy, maculopapular rash, and arthritis in adults. In early pregnancy, rubella infection results in...
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