All about Bacterial Infections PLAGUE Caused by Gram–Negative Yersinia pestis SPECIES

• Gram–Negative Yersinia pestis SPECIES with diagnosis Treatment Signs and symptoms

Any widespread contagious disease associated with a high death rate.  An often fatal disease caused by Yersinia pestis; the natural hosts are ground squirrels, wild rodents and rats, and the vector is the rat flea.

Bacterial InfectionsPLAGUE Caused byGram–Negative Yersinia pestis

PLAGUE

• plague is one of the most horrible disease at old time,
• now a days this plague is almost eliminated, but in some countries of world some cases are detected at time to time.
• Plague is an acute febrile illness caused by infection with Yersinia pestis.

Yersinia pestis

• The plague bacteria is transmitted to humans by flea bite, or by contact, or by airborne droplets from in­fected wild rodents (rats).

• there is most common carrier is this flea, which lies at rats body, which causes a advance role in distributing of this dangerous disease.
• The different forms of plagues are bubonic, septice­mic and pneumonic.

• Plague is characterized by fever and sometimes shock, multiorgan failure and death.
• It can also cause meningitis, endophthalmitis, and lymphadenitis.

signs and symptoms of plague

classification of plague — Bubonic plague

• There are chills, fever, myalgias, arthralgias, head­ache, with tender lymph nodes proximal to site of entry of plague bacillus. The inguinal, axillary and cervical lymph nodes are commonly involved.

Septicemic plague

• This is a progressive and serious gram-negative in­fection. It presents with nausea, vomiting, fever, di­arrhoea and pain. It can be fatal.

• in pneumonic plague there is clear findings are present in x-ray
• X-ray playes a major role in differential diagnosis of this pneumonic plague from other chest disease,

Pneumonic plague

• There is sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, myalgias, dyspnoea, chest pain, cough and expecto­ration, hemoptysis, circulatory collapse and even death.

complete cycle of  Yersinia pestis plague

Diagnosis of plague  —

• It is by examination of specimen of blood,
• lymph node aspirate,
• sputum,
• pulmonary aspirates,
• or CSF, for the organisms.

Treatment of plague

• Streptomycin,
• Gentamycin,
• tetracycline,
• Doxycycline,
• Chloramphanecol.

plague vaccine —

• A vaccine made either from a crude fraction of killed plague bacilli, Yersinia pestis, or synthetically from recombinant proteins.
• It is rarely used, except in a laboratory or for field workers in areas where plague is endemic.