Aplastic Anaemia Causes Symptomes Diagnosis And Treatment

Aplastic Anaemia

• Anaemias associated with normocytic and normochro­mic red cells and low reticulocyte response (reticulo­cyte index less than 2.5) are called hypoproliferative anaemias.
• These include iron deficiency anaemia, anaemias in chronic inflamation, renal disease, hypometabolic states and anaemias due to bone marrow damage.

APLASTIC ANAEMIA

• Is a Blood Disorders with low reticulocyte response, on the basis of Blood Cell deficiency it could be of multiple types

symptoms of Aplastic Anaemia

• The hypoproliferative anaemias due to bone marrow damage are the following
• · Aplastic anaemia
• · Myelodysplasia
• · Pure red cell aplasia
• · Myelophthisis.
• Aplastic anaemia is pancytopenia with bone mar­row hypocellularity.

The blood picture shows in Aplastic Anaemia

• · Anaemia – normochromic, normocytic, or mac­rocytic.
• · Low reticulocyte count.
• · Pancytopenia – which means Anaemia, Leuko­penia, Thrombocytopenia.

Causes of Aplastic Anaemia

Causes of Aplastic Anaemia

• · Aplastic anaemia may be due to genetic causes like Fanconi’s anaemia.
• · Aplastic anaemia may be associated with SLE, hypersplenism, B₁₂ and folate deficiency, infec­tions, alcohol, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, Leish­maniasis, Q fever etc.
• · Radiation, Hepatitis Non A, Non B, Non C, Parvovirus, and Epstein Barr virus, (HIV) HIV-l may also cause aplastic anaemia.
• · Drugs which can cause aplastic anaemia are cy­totoxic drugs, chloramphenicol, insecticides, heavy metals, carbamazepine, sulphonamides, estrogens (as in pregnancy), allopurinol, methyldopa, carbimazole, lithium etc. .

Treatment of Aplastic Anaemia

• · Replacement of hemopoietic cells by stem cell transplant.
• · Suppression of immune system.
• · Withdrawal of drugs or toxins causing aplastic anaemia.
• · Bone marrow transplantation.
• · Immunosuppression with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) and antithymocyte globulin (ATG).
• · Cyclophosphamide.
• · Androgens.
• · Supportive care like antibiotics, red cell transfu­sions etc.

MYELOPHTHISIC ANAEMIAS

• Myelofibrosis or Myeloid metaplasia cause myeloph­thisic anaemias due to invading tumor cells, myco­bacteria(Tuberculosis), fungi, HIV, sarcoidosis etc.

Treatment

• Antifungal antitubercular(ATT  Treatment) removal of tumor transfusion support.